Opoczno
| Opoczno | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Łódź | ||
| Powiat : | Opoczno | ||
| Gmina : | Opoczno | ||
| Area : | 23.90 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 23 ' N , 20 ° 17' E | ||
| Height : | 190 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 21,220 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 26-300 and 26-301 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 44 | ||
| License plate : | EOP | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Warsaw - Katowice | ||
| Rail route : | Warsaw – Katowice / Krakow | ||
| Tomaszów Mazowiecki – Opoczno | |||
| Next international airport : | Łódź | ||
Opoczno [ ɔˈpɔtʃnɔ ] is a city in the Łódź Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 34,235 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019) and the district town of the Powiat Opoczyński .
geography
The city is located about 80 kilometers southeast of Łódź and 100 kilometers south of Warsaw .
history
The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1284 as a village trading center. In 1344 Casimir III. offered a trade route to Rus and Hungary , which became an important economic factor for the place. In 1360 the town was granted city rights under Neumarkt law , five years later under Magdeburg law . In 1405 a hospital and the Church of the Holy Spirit were consecrated. In 1462 a fire destroyed large parts of the city. 55 craftsmen in various guilds were counted in the city in 1629. Due to the numerous Jews in the area, a synagogue was built in 1646 . During the Swedish-Polish War , the city was destroyed in 1655. August II. ( August the Strong ) confirmed the privileges of the city in 1701. During the Third Partition of Poland , the city became part of Austria , in 1809 part of the Duchy of Warsaw and finally in 1815 part of Congress Poland .
In 1880 a ceramic factory was built and five years later Opoczno was connected to the rail network. In 1900 a volunteer fire brigade was set up. A year later, cholera broke out and could not be defeated until 1893. In 1910 the place was electrified and a school was opened. During the First World War , first Russian troops marched on October 30, 1914 , then Austrian troops on May 15, 1915 through the city. After the end of the war, the place became part of the Kielce Voivodeship on August 2, 1919 and the Łódź Voivodeship in 1939 . On September 7, 1939, Opoczno was occupied by the Wehrmacht . In December of the same year, the National Socialists set up a ghetto for the Jews . In 1944 the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa ) fought in the area of the city . On January 14, 1945, the Red Army attacked the city, and on January 17, 1945, Soviet troops reached the city. The city was now the seat of a powiat and part of the Łódź Voivodeship. In an administrative reform in 1950, the city was again part of the Kielce Voivodeship . In a further reform in 1975, the city became part of the Piotrków Voivodeship and in 1999 again part of the Łódź Voivodeship.
Incorporations
In 1925 the place Gorzałków was integrated into the city, in 1975 the place Międzybórz .
Population development
| year | 1828 | 1878 | 1920 | 1939 | 2000 |
| population | 3,363 | 4,974 | 9,595 | 9,000 | ?? |
local community
The town itself and 34 villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Opoczno.
City and community partnerships
- Opočno (Czech Republic)
- Bytča (Slovakia)
- Rudomina (Lithuania)
- Suderwa (Lithuania)
- Chernivtsi (Ukraine)
Culture and sights
Museums
There is a regional museum in the city, which opened on January 1, 1976.
Buildings
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- The castle was built in the 14th century and destroyed by the Swedes in 1655. At the end of the 19th century it was rebuilt on the old foundations. The local history museum has been located here since 1976 .
- the library building dates from the 14th century and has been rebuilt several times. The last major renovation took place in 1927 and the city library has been here since 1975.
traffic
Opoczno station is the terminus of passenger traffic on the Łódź – Dębica railway line . There is also the Opoczno Południe station on the Grodzisk Mazowiecki – Zawiercie railway , a high-speed line .
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- John Paul II (1920–2005) became an honorary citizen in 2000
sons and daughters of the town
- Wanda Panfil (* 1959), track and field athlete
- Adam Kszczot , athlete.
literature
- Opoczno , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 549f.
Web links
- City website (Polish)
- More website about the city (Polish, German, English)