Order of Hubert
The Order of St. Hubertus (short Hubertus Order , also Order of the horn ) was a jülich-bergischer , Palatine and Bavarian Order . It is still awarded today as the house order of the Wittelsbach family .
history
The Order of Hubert was founded as a secular knightly order on November 3, 1444 by Duke Gerhard II von Jülich-Berg in memory of the victory in the Battle of Linnich , which was achieved on a Hubertus Day (named after St. Hubertus ) in the same year. This victory confirmed the duke's possession against the claims of his cousin Arnold von Geldern . The order initially had its headquarters in the parish church of Nideggen in the Duchy of Jülich-Berg .
Only Gerhard's son Wilhelm gave the order statutes. Since the knights initially wore a gold chain of hunting horns, the order had the second name, Order of the Horn . When, in 1609, this family went out with Johann Wilhelm I von Jülich-Kleve-Berg and new inheritance disputes broke out, the order fell into oblivion. It was not until September 29, 1708 that Elector Johann Wilhelm II of the Palatinate-Neuburg, Duke of Jülich-Berg , solemnly called the order back to life in Düsseldorf . With the confirmation and expansion of the statutes by Elector Karl Theodor , it became an order of the Electoral Palatinate in 1744 . King Maximillian I of Bavaria raised him to the first and highest order of the Bavarian kingdom . Since its foundation it has consisted of one class. Twelve counts and barons should be among its members. Sovereigns, members of princely families and foreigners could also be accepted in unlimited numbers at the discretion of the Grand Master.
The founding of the order of knights in 1444 was followed by other hunting orders of the same name.
Order decoration
The medal consists of a white enameled, gold-rimmed Maltese cross with a gold ball on each of the eight points. The arms are covered with golden flames. There are three golden rays in each of the corners and the golden royal crown is located above the cross. On the front, the medallion shows the conversion story of St. Hubertus shown in gold on a green background. The red circlet that surrounds the medallion bears the Lower Franconian motto In traw vast ( In loyalty firmly ) in pearls . The reverse, on the other hand, shows a pear-shaped shield, in the middle of which rests a golden orb with the cross on a red background and whose white- enameled ribbon-like border bears the inscription In memoriam recuperatae dignitatis avitae 1708 (In memory of the regained, ancestral dignity 1708).
The ribbon is red with a green side stripe.
National coat of arms
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The Hubertus Order was one of the four royal Bavarian orders that were depicted in the state coat of arms.
Illustrations
The order of Hubertus is depicted in a stucco relief on the north side of the Corps de Logis of Benrath Palace . There the chain of orders surrounds the baroque electoral alliance coat of arms in the gable field.
The chain of orders can also be found on the staircase pavilion of Mannheim Palace in the large bronze coat of arms of the Electors of the Palatinate . It was created by Gabriel de Grupello for Elector Johann Wilhelm and was located on the facade of Bensberg Castle , from where it was brought to Mannheim in 1721.
Hubertus book
The Hubertus book burned in 1945 during the American attack on Merten Monastery . All members of the order were listed in it. In addition to the dukes of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and other Rhenish nobility, there were dukes from Bavaria and Pomerania and an elector from Brandenburg with coats of arms and signature.
Award numbers
From the files of the order archive, the following award numbers result for the time of the Bavarian Kingdom.
| Awarded by | Princely | Countly and baronial knights |
total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximilian I. Joseph (1806-1825) | 94 | 55 | 149 |
| Ludwig I (1825–1848) | 44 | 15th | 59 |
| Maximilian II. Joseph (1848–1864) | 71 | 13 | 84 |
| Ludwig II. (1864-1886) | 58 | 8th | 66 |
| Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria (1886–1912) | 114 | 48 | 162 |
| Ludwig III. (1912-1918) | 15th | 12 | 27 |
| total | 396 | 151 | 547 |
Others
The Order of St. Hubert (Order of Knights) should not be confused with the Order of St. Hubert, which was founded in 1695 by Franz Anton von Sporck and later dissolved. In Austria today there is an association called the International St. Hubertus Order, which was founded in 1950 by Albert Messany.
literature
- Helmut Lahrkamp: Contributions to the history of the Order of Hubert of the Dukes of Jülich-Berg and related foundations. In: Düsseldorfer Jahrbuch. Vol. 49, 1959, ISSN 0342-0019 , pp. 3-49.
- Heinrich Oidtmann: The Hubertus battle near Linnich in poetry, legend and history. The high order of the h. Hubertus. J. Fischer, Jülich 1904, digitized .
- Arnhard Graf Klenau: Order in Germany and Austria. Volume 2. Verlag Graf Klenau GmbH, Offenbach 2008, ISBN 3-937064-13-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Archives North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland Department, 09.102.01-07 Jülich-Berg II, 02.10. Court maintenance, 35 nomination of knights of the Order of Hubert, therein: Concept of Johann Wilhelm's document for the re-establishment of the Order of Hubert, with statutes and handwritten final drawing by the Prince on 29 September 1708 ( archive.nrw.de ), accessed on February 1, 2014.