Organ of the Pelstergasthuiskerk Groningen

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Organ of the Pelstergasthuiskerk Groningen
Groningen Pelstergasthuiskerk orgel.jpg
General
alternative name Schnitger organ
place Pelstergasthuiskerk (Groningen)
Organ builder Arp Schnitger
Construction year 1693/1712
Last renovation / restoration 1989/1990 Bakker & Timmenga
epoch Baroque
Technical specifications
Number of registers 20th
Number of rows of pipes 29
Number of manuals 2
Tone tract Mechanically
Register action Mechanically

The organ of the Pelstergasthuiskerk in the Dutch city ​​of Groningen was built by Arp Schnitger in 1693 . It has 20  registers , which are divided between two manuals and a pedal . After several renovations from the 18th to the 20th century, the case and two registers in their entirety and seven in part by Schnitger have been preserved.

Building history

New building by Schnitger in 1693

The Pelstergasthuiskerk, a hospital chapel, received a new organ with main work and Rückpositiv in 1627 , which was probably built by Anthoni Veerbeck on the north wall. Despite several repairs in the 17th century, the organ became unplayable in 1692, so a repair for 315 guilders was agreed with Schnitger. In his notes, Schnitger reports of a repair of the organ and a new construction of the Rückpositiv. In fact, he repaired the Rückpositiv using older parts. In 1693 the master received 327 guilders and 15 stuiver for his successful work, the cabinet maker Allert Meijer 110 guilders for the oak case and the carver Jan de Rijk 30 guilders.

Schnitger expanded the manual scope, changed the disposition , renewed the Rückpositiv including parts of the previous organ, enlarged the case and had new carvings made. The main movement case bears an inscription that was uncovered in 1989, according to which Schnitger carried out a renovation and enlargement in 1712, which otherwise cannot be proven: The frieze has the inscription: "MANUAAL NIEUW GEMAAKT EN VERGROOT ANNO 1712 DOOR ARP SCH [NITGER]", the lower one: “[TOEN] ROOSVELD IOHANNES SCHENSEMA. ALBERTUS HUITEMA. HERMANNES WOUTERS VOOGDEN [GOODS] ”.

The Rückpositiv case in the gallery parapet is the reduced form of the Hauptwerk case and originally had the classic five-part shape. The raised central round tower is flanked by two pointed towers. In between there are two-storey flat fields that are divided by profiled transom strips . Since the renovation by Hinzsch in 1774, narrow, two-storey, slightly convex fields form the end of the building. The narrow posts all have covings. Jan de Rijk created the gilded side wings on the main work with rich tendrils and trumpet-playing angels. In the side wings of the Rückpositiv horns and string instruments are surrounded by tendrils. The gilded veil work in the pipe fields and that crowning the flat fields date from 1693 or 1712. The crowning vases, the lyre on the central tower of the main work and the veil work in the convex side fields date from 1774. Caspar Struiwigh carved the harp-playing figure of King David the central tower of the Rückpositiv in 1744. The black version of the case recreates the situation from 1774. The curtain on the west wall behind the organ was painted in the 19th century.

Later work

Albertus Antonius Hinsz repaired the work in 1735. In the course of the eastern extension of the chapel (1772/1773) Hinsz moved the instrument to a new west gallery in 1774. It was widened a little and got new windchests with fully developed bass octaves and some new registers. Further repairs followed in 1803 by Heinrich Hermann Freytag and in 1820 by Herman Eberhard Freytag .

In 1875, Petrus van Oeckelen replaced seven stops in line with contemporary tastes, including the front pipes . In 1915 van Oeckelen & Sons installed new wind bellows. Jan Doornbos repaired the organ in 1916 and Klaas Doornbos exchanged three voices in 1931.

restoration

Empty organ case during the restoration in 1989

Bakker & Timmenga (Leeuwarden) restored the instrument in 1989/1990 and traced it back to the state of 1774 on the basis of the disposition handed down by Nicolaas Arnoldi Knock.

Disposition since 1990 (= 1774)

I main work C – c 3
Praestant 08th' S / H / vO
Quintads 16 ′00 S / H / BT
Holpijp 08th' S / Fr
Octaaf 04 ′ H
Fluit 04 ′ H
Quint 03 ′ S / BT
Octaaf 02 ′ S / BT
Fluit 02 ′ H
Cornet III D H
Mixture IV B / D0 S / H / BT
Fagot B / D 16 ′ S.
Trumpet 08th' BT
II Rückpositiv C – c 3
Praestant 4 ′00 S / H / vO
Gedakt 8th' S / BT
Fluit 4 ′ AV / H / BT
Quintfluit 3 ′ S / Fri / BT
Octaaf 2 ′ BT
Sesquialter II-III0 BT
Scherp III S / BT
Dulciaan 8th' H / BT
Pedals C – d 1
attached
Remarks
AV = Anthoni Veerbeck (1627)
S = Schnitger (1693)
H = Albertus Antonius Hinsz (1774)
Fr = Heinrich Hermann Freytag (1803)
vO = Petrus van Oeckelen (1875/1915)
BT = Bakker & Timmenga (1989/1990)

Technical specifications

  • 20 registers, 29 rows of pipes
  • Wind supply :
    • Bellows: 1 magazine bellows
    • Wind pressure: 70 mm water column
  • Wind chests (Hinsz)
  • Action:
    • Keyboards (Hinsz)
    • Tone action: mechanical
    • Stop action: mechanical
  • Mood :
    • Unequal tuning with 6 perfect and 6 tempered fifths
    • Pitch: one semitone above normal (a 1 = 466 Hz)

literature

Web links

Commons : Organ of the Pelstergasthuiskerk Groningen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 227.
  2. ↑ organ Pelstergasthuiskerk in organ Atlas OWL (page H.-W. Coordes), accessed on 2 March 2018th
  3. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 188.
  4. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 50.
  5. ↑ Organ of the Pelstergasthuiskerk on the Arp Schnitger Orgeln website, accessed on March 2, 2018.
  6. ^ Nicolaas Arnoldi Knock: Dispositien the most remarkable Kerk organs . Petrus Doekema, Groningen 1788, p. 51 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Coordinates: 53 ° 12 ′ 56.5 ″  N , 6 ° 34 ′ 1.3 ″  E