Organ of St. Peter and Paul (Cappel)

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Organ of St. Peter and Paul (Cappel)
Cappel 02.jpg
General
alternative name Schnitger organ
place St. Peter and Paul, Cappel
Organ builder Arp Schnitger
Construction year 1680
Last renovation / restoration 1977 by Rudolf von Beckerath organ building
epoch Baroque
Organ landscape between Elbe and Weser
Technical specifications
Number of registers 30th
Number of rows of pipes 51
Number of manuals 2
Tone tract Mechanically
Register action Mechanically

The organ of St. Peter and Paul in Cappel ( Lower Saxony ) was built in 1680 by Arp Schnitger for the St. Johannis monastery church in Hamburg and has been in Cappel since 1816. It is considered to be the most complete and sonically best preserved historical organ from the late 17th century in northern Germany. The work has two manuals , a pedal and 30 stops , only two of which are not completely preserved. The instrument became world famous through Helmut Walcha's recordings of Bach's organ works (1950–1952).

Building history

New building by Schnitger in 1680

Autographer disposition draft by Schnitger
The organ console in Cappel

The organ was created for the St. Johannis monastery church in Hamburg (on the site of today's Rathausmarkt ). The Johanniskirche was part of the Johanniskloster founded by the Dominicans, which has been used by the Johanneum's school of scholars since the Reformation . Its well-known cantors included Georg Philipp Telemann and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach .

The contract was probably signed in 1679. Schnitger's handwritten disposition draft was rediscovered in Basedow in 1989. From April to December 1680, the organ with main work , Rückpositiv and pedal was built in Schnitger's Stade workshop in nine months. The pedal was placed directly behind the Hauptwerk case, which had no rear wall. Schnitger took over ten stops from the previous organ, an instrument by an unknown builder from the late renaissance (probably from 1567). Schnitger integrated all of the deeper Gedackt registers into his organ.

The relatively wide cases of the Hauptwerk and Rückpositiv have five axes and are correspondingly shaped. The elevated polygonal central tower is connected to the side pointed towers by two-storey flat fields in which silent pipes are set up (as in the Schnitger organ in Nieuw Scheemda ). The side towers and flat panels of the two manual work housings are combined under a common cornice in composite style. Lavish consoles convey to the narrower lower housing to the gaming table . The richly decorated cornices, stands and friezes of the prospectus were based on the appearance of the previous instrument or parts of the old decoration were taken over. The carving was created by the Hamburg sculptor Christian Precht . In the tendril work of the veil boards , only floral elements are incorporated in the main work, in the Rückpositiv besides flowers and fruits also grimaces and stylized animal heads and in the underside of the Rückpositiv three angel heads.

The pewter prospect pipes are, besides those from Oederquart, the only ones from Schnitger that have been completely preserved and did not have to be delivered for armament purposes in 1917. In terms of sound, they are characterized by an elegant sound rich in overtones. The polyphonically conceived mixtures reflect the tradition of the Renaissance mixtures without high choirs in the treble. Due to the wealth of mixed voices , a wide variety of plenums are possible. It is unusual that Schnitger's pedal mix (with a third chorus) was retained, as it was usually later replaced on other Schnitger organs in line with contemporary tastes. Also noteworthy is the chromatic arrangement of the pipes on the rear free-standing pedal drawer , which is explained by the incline of the western wall in St. Johannis. Otherwise, it is unusual that Schnitger took over reed stops from older instruments. Overall, Schnitger's original intonation has largely been preserved and has not been significantly changed through reworking and restorations.

Transfer to Cappel in 1816 by Georg Wilhelmy

John the Baptist with two flanking angels
Lower conclusion of the Rückpositiv

During the French occupation at the beginning of the 19th century, the monastery church served as a warehouse. The organ was dismantled and relocated by Joachim Wilhelm Geycke in 1813 and the Johanniskirche was demolished in 1829, later the monastery. The organ was sold by Hamburg's St. Petrikirche for 600 Reichstaler to Cappel, where a new church was built after the church fire in 1810 (1815–1816), but the congregation could not afford a new organ. A delegation from Cappel traveled to Hamburg on June 16, 1816 to pick up the organ. Geycke and Johann Heinrich Wohlien packed the organ in wooden boxes that were transported by ship from Hamburg to Cuxhaven . On June 29, 1816, the transfer of the organ was completed. By Johann Georg Wilhelm Wilhelmy ( Stade ) is entered into a contract in which he undertook to build the organ for 385 Reichstaler again and set up. The main housing had to be shortened. For the flame ornaments in front of the feet of the prospect pipes in the central tower of the Rückpositiv, which represent a stylistically strikingly foreign element, Wilhelmy used broken parts of angel wings, which the angels are missing on the Rückpositiv today. The round segments next to the central tower of the Rückpositiv probably go back to Wilhelmy's installation in Cappel. In addition, Wilhelmy was commissioned to install a Zimbelstern . Due to the lower ceiling height compared to Hamburg, the figures of Christ and angels could no longer be placed on the main work and were henceforth used on the pulpit altar. Since then, John the Baptist , the middle figure on the Rückpositiv, no longer points with his index finger at the figure of Christ, but into space. In 1890 the organ builder Johann Hinrich Röver from Stade replaced Schnitger's bellows system with three large wedge bellows , which were similar in construction to Schnitger's and guaranteed a comparable, breathing wind supply. Until 1927 the instrument was serviced by various organ workshops in Stade without any changes to the substance.

Restorations

Angel playing viola viola

In 1928, Christhard Mahrenholz pointed out the special importance of the organ in an expert report and recommended the renovation and repair of the stops, which have since been shut down. There was evidence of a purchase attempt for this year, further attempts followed between 1932 and 1935. In 1932 the P. Furtwängler & Hammer organ workshop installed an electric fan.

From 1939 the first repairs were carried out by Paul Ott , who also looked after the organ during the recordings of Helmut Walcha from 1950–1952. In 1976/1977 the organ was repaired by Rudolf von Beckerath Orgelbau (Hamburg) after heating damage and the historical substance was saved. The same temperature, which has existed since 1816, was retained. The upper octave had to be added to the Cornet 2 ′, since the register had meanwhile been implemented as a 4 ′ trumpet. The cymbal was added to its original composition. In 2009 the bellows system was restored by Beckerath and the back wall of the church renovated.

Disposition since 1939 (= 1680)

I Rückpositiv CDE – c 3
Principal 04 ′ S.
Gedact 08th' V
Quintadena 08th' S.
Floit 04 ′ S.
Octava 02 ′ S.
Siffloit 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′ S.
Sesquialtera II0 S.
Tertian II S.
Scharff IV – IV S.
Dulcian 16 ′00 S.
II major CDE – c 3
Principal 08th' S.
Quintadena 16 ′00 V
Hollfloit 08th' V
Octava 04 ′ V
Spitz floit 04 ′ S.
Nasat 03 ′ V
Gemshorn 02 ′ V
Rauschpfeife II0 S.
Mixture V-VI S.
Cimbel III B / S
Trumpet 08th' V
Pedal CD – d 1
Pedestal 16 ′00 V
Octava 08th' V
Octava 04 ′ S.
Night horn 02 ′ S.
Rauschpfeife II0 S.
Mixture IV-VI S.
Trumpet 16 ′ S.
Trumpet 08th' V
Cornet 02 ′ B / S
V = from the predecessor organ of the late Renaissance (1567?)
S = Schnitger (1680)
B = Beckerath (1977)
Remarks
  1. ↑ a b With a broken octave (F sharp and G sharp on divided upper keys).
  2. ↑ Made of lead.

Technical specifications

  • 30 registers, 51 rows of pipes
  • Wind supply :
  • Windladen : Hauptwerk, Rückpositiv and Pedal (Schnitger)
  • Action:
    • Keyboards: manuals (Schnitger), pedal (Beckerath)
    • Tone action: mechanical
    • Stop action: mechanical
  • Mood :
    • Equal tuning (since 1816)
    • Pitch approx. 3 ⁄ 5 tone above a 1 = 440 Hz

literature

  • Hans Martin Balz : Divine Music. Organs in Germany (=  230th publication by the Society of Organ Friends ). Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8062-2062-9 , pp. 46-47 .
  • Dietrich Diederichs-Gottschalk : “I don't think there is a better organ in your country”. The Arp Schnitger organ in Cappel in the Wursten region. In: Yearbook of the Men of the Morning Star. 94, 2015, pp. 229-311 ( online , PDF file).
  • Cornelius H. Edskes, Harald Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work (=  241st publication by the Society of Organ Friends ). 2nd Edition. Hauschild, Bremen 2013, ISBN 978-3-89757-525-7 , pp. 24-27, 152 f .
  • Gustav Fock : Arp Schnitger and his school. A contribution to the history of organ building in the North and Baltic Sea coast areas . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1974, ISBN 3-7618-0261-7 , p. 33-34 .
  • Funding and donation community for the preservation of the Arp Schnitger organ in Cappel (Ed.): 200 years of the Arp Schnitger organ in the St. Peter and Paul Church in Cappel. Cappel 2016.
  • Harald Vogel, Günter Lade, Nicola Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony . Hauschild, Bremen 1997, ISBN 3-931785-50-5 , p. 166-169, 331, 367 .
  • Helmut Winter: The Schnitger organ in Cappel. St. Petri and Pauli . Wagner, Hamburg 1977, ISBN 3-921029-52-X ( online (PDF file; 2.9 MB)).

Recordings / sound carriers

Web links

Commons : Schnitger organ in Cappel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Vogel, Lade, Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony. 1997, p. 168.
  2. ↑ Winter: The Schnitger organ in Cappel. 1977, p. 11 ( online ) (PDF file; 2.9 MB). The information on Walcha's registrations was reconstructed by hearing by Harald Vogel: Harald Vogel: The registrations of Helmut Walcha in Cappel. In: Support and donation community for the preservation of the Arp Schnitger organ in Cappel (ed.): 200 years of the Arp Schnitger organ in the St. Peter and Paul Church in Cappel. Cappel 2016, pp. 22-39.
  3. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 33.
  4. ↑ Winter: The Schnitger organ in Cappel. 1977, p. 8 ( online ) (PDF file; 2.9 MB).
  5. ↑ Winter: The Schnitger organ in Cappel. 1977, p. 6 ( online ) (PDF file; 2.9 MB).
  6. ^ A b Vogel, Lade, Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony. 1997, p. 169.
  7. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 24.
  8. ^ A b Vogel, Lade, Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony. 1997, p. 167.
  9. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 152.
  10. ↑ Diederichs-Gottschalk: “I don't think there is a better organ in your country”. 2015, pp. 260, 263.
  11. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 26.
  12. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 153.
  13. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 34.
  14. ↑ Winter: The Schnitger organ in Cappel. 1977, p. 10 ( online ) (PDF file; 2.9 MB).
  15. ↑ Diederichs-Gottschalk: “I don't think there is a better organ in your country”. 2015, p. 289. A graphic reconstruction of the Schnitger organ in the St. Johannis monastery church can be found on p. 291.
  16. ↑ Winter: The Schnitger organ in Cappel. 1977, p. 11 ( online ) (PDF file; 2.9 MB).
  17. ↑ Friends of the organ in Cappel , accessed on February 13, 2017.
  18. ↑ Beckerath's report (PDF file; 4.8 MB), accessed on March 2, 2018.
  19. ↑ Nordsee-Zeitung from January 31, 2010 ( Memento from September 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) (archive), accessed on March 2, 2018.

Coordinates: 53 ° 43 ′ 38.7 "  N , 8 ° 34 ′ 5.3"  E