Organ of Faro Cathedral

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Organ of Faro Cathedral
FaroOrgueCathedral-LF.JPG
General
alternative name Schnitger organ
place Faro Cathedral
Organ builder Arp Schnitger
Construction year 1715-1716
Last renovation / restoration 2006 Dinarte Machado
epoch Baroque
Technical specifications
Number of registers 25th
Number of rows of pipes 36
Number of manuals 2
Tone tract Mechanically
Register action Mechanically

The organ of the cathedral in Faro in the south of Portugal was built by Arp Schnitger in his Hamburg workshop in 1715/1716 . It has 25  registers distributed over two manuals and a pedal . The instrument was set up by Schnitger's student Johann Hinrich (H) ulenkampf. The instrument originally had 22 stops on two manuals, eight of which have been preserved in full and three in part. After several renovations as a result of earthquakes, the organ now has 25 stops and an independent pedal.

Building history

New building by Schnitger 1715–1716

The Schnitger biographer Siwert Meijer, who still had access to Schnitger's original notes, reported in 1854 that Schnitger exported two organs with twelve registers each to Portugal in 1701: “Made two new organs, each with 12 registers, 2 manuals and a bellows. These two works were delivered to Portugal. ”It is questionable whether this information relates to the construction of the organ in Faro. The activity of Schnitger's employee Ulenkampf (Joâo Henriques Hulencampo) in Portugal is secured. It is not clear how large Ulenkampf's part in the construction was. Three contracts with him were received in Lisbon. Ulenkampf was involved in the new building project in Golzwarden in 1697/1698 and during this time was organist in neighboring Oldenbrok on several Sundays . In 1703 he can be proven as a journeyman building the new organ in the Magdeburg Sankt-Jakobi-Kirche . From 1711 he worked in Lisbon, where a new building for the Carmel Church was built in 1725.

In the case of the organ in Faro, the main work and positive chest are housed in a case that is only slightly wider than the lower case. The polygonal central tower is flanked by two pointed towers. Two-storey flat fields with a profiled transom bar mediate between the towers. The upper pipe fields are dummies; only the lower pipes are ringing. The lateral blind wings with curved acanthus tendrils enclose two large angel figures. Three trumpet-blowing angels crown the pipe towers. The original disposition is not known, but seems to have resembled that of the sister instrument in Mariana , which Schnitger had built for Lisbon around 1712 and which came to Mariana in 1752 .

Later work

As a result of the Lisbon earthquake in 1755 , at least one of the Lisbon instruments was lost. The organ in Faro seems to have been badly damaged by an earthquake as early as 1722 when the choir arch collapsed. It was then moved to the western part of the church on a small south pore that connects to the west gallery. An unknown organ builder from Tavira worked on the instrument in 1743/1745. In 1751/1752 Francisco Coreira de Silva painted a gallery and organ from Tavira with chinoiserie . After the earthquakes of 1753 and 1755, the Italian organ builder Pasquale Gaetano Oldovini from Évora repaired the organ in 1767. The registers of the breastworks were apparently spared the destruction, while the mainworks had to be almost completely renewed using the old pipe material. The damaged main movement case was restored. The gilded carvings with openwork tendrils above the pipe fields are by Oldovini. Oldovini changed the disposition by replacing and adding registers. He built in a horizontal trumpet and changed the lower cornice of the main plant and expanded the wind chest. The pedal received a new keyboard with nine instead of the previous 22 keys, its own register on two small pedal drawers on the side of the Hauptwerk case and a new belt . The manual coupler has been operated by two stops since 1767.

A difficult to read inscription from 1874 in a side panel in the upper case provides information about the history of the organ: "This organ / [was] ordered / [from] the cathedral chapter of this cathedral / in 1715 with the [organ] / maker João Henriques, resident / [in] Lisbon that came / [to install it] in 1716. / [It] was enlarged in 1767 / with a series of [of] / [Re] registers, among which / the echo and the contra echo [were] / by the organ builder Pascoal. / It was cleaned and tuned in [years] / 1722, 1775, 1814 and recently / during the month of August 1874, [by] / the Spanish organ builder D. Francis / co Alcaide. / In the lower part I leave [… /…] / C. David / / “.

Other small changes were made in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Restorations

The organ was restored by Dirk Andries Flentrop from 1972 to 1973 . He restored the disposition from 1767 and reversed the changes of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The organ received a new wind system and an equal tuning . After the renovation of the church, the Portuguese organ builder Dinarte Machado restored the organ in 2006. He reconstructed two multi-fold wedge bellows behind the organ and created an unequal tuning (waiter). The restoration confirmed the assignment to Schnitger.

Disposition since 1767

I main work CDEFGA – c 3
Portuguese name translation
Flautado de 12 Principal 08th' O
Flautado de 24 Drone 16 ′00 SO
Bordão Dumped 08th' SO
Voz humana md Vox Celeste D 08th' O
Octava Real octave 04 ′ O
Quinta Real Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ O
Quinta Décima Super octave 02 ′ O
Décima Sétima third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ O
Cheio 1st ° Rauschpfeife II B O
Cheio 2nd ° Mixture IV O
Corneta Real md Cornett V D 04 ′ O
Trombeta Real me Trumpet B 08th' O
Trombeta de Marcha me Trumpet Chamade B0 04 ′ O
Clarim md Clairon Chamade D. 04 ′ O
II breast positive CDEFGA – c 3
Portuguese name translation
Flautado de 12 Dumped 08th'00 S.
Flautado de 6 Flute 04 ′ S.
Flautilha de mão direita md Pointed flute 04 ′ S.
Quinta Decima octave 02 ′ S.
Décima Nona Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ S.
Vegésima Segunda octave 01' S.
Cornetilha de ecos me Sesquialtera II B0 S.
Cheio de mão direita md Mixture II D S.
Cheio de mão esquerde me Mixture III B SO
Cornetilha de ecos md Cornett III D O
CDEFGA – d 0 pedal
Portuguese name translation
Contrabaixo de 24 Sub bass 16 ′00 O
  • Coupling : Sliding coupler II / I (O), I / P (attached)
  • Nightingale, 2 drum tones in the pedal
Remarks
S = Schnitger (1715/1716)
O = Oldovini (1767)

Technical specifications

  • 25 registers, 36 rows of pipes.
  • Wind supply :
    • Bellows: 2 wedge bellows (Oldovini / Machado)
    • Wind pressure: 66.5 mm water column
  • Windchest (Schnitger)
  • Action:
    • Keyboards: manuals (Schnitger), pedal (Oldovini)
    • Sound action: mechanical (manuals: Schnitger, pedal: Oldovini)
    • Stop action: mechanical (Schnitger)
  • Mood :

literature

  • Cornelius H. Edskes , Harald Vogel : Arp Schnitger and his work (=  241st publication by the Society of Organ Friends ). 2nd Edition. Hauschild, Bremen 2013, ISBN 978-3-89757-525-7 , pp. 116-117, 200-202 .
  • Gustav Fock : Arp Schnitger and his school. A contribution to the history of organ building in the North and Baltic Sea coast areas . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1974, ISBN 3-7618-0261-7 , p. 263, 281 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 227.
  2. ^ Gerhard Doderer: Internationaler Kongress Brasil-Europa , accessed on March 2, 2018.
  3. ↑ page by H.-W. Coordes , accessed March 2, 2018.
  4. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 281.
  5. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 116.
  6. ^ Organ Tours of Brasil , accessed March 2, 2018.
  7. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 202.
  8. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 200.
  9. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 201.
  10. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 112.

Coordinates: 37 ° 0 ′ 48.5 ″  N , 7 ° 56 ′ 4.7 ″  W.