Tavira
Tavira | ||||||
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Basic data | ||||||
Region : | Algarve | |||||
Sub-region : | Algarve | |||||
District : | Faro | |||||
Concelho : | Tavira | |||||
Coordinates : | 37 ° 7 ′ N , 7 ° 39 ′ W | |||||
Residents: | 26,167 (as of June 30, 2011) | |||||
Surface: | 606.96 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | |||||
Population density : | 43 inhabitants per km² | |||||
Postal code : | 8801-003-8804-003 | |||||
Tavira county | ||||||
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Residents: | 26,167 (as of June 30, 2011) | |||||
Surface: | 606.96 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | |||||
Population density : | 43 inhabitants per km² | |||||
Number of municipalities : | 6th | |||||
administration | ||||||
Administration address: | Câmara Municipal de Tavira Praça da República 880-951 Tavira |
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President of the Câmara Municipal: | Jorge Manuel Nascimento Botelho ( PS ) | |||||
Website: | www.cm-tavira.pt |
Tavira [ tɐˈviɾɐ ] is a city and a district ( concelho ) in Portugal with 26,167 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011).
history
The settlement goes back to Phoenicians or Carthaginians . The Romans later settled in nearby Balsa (in the municipality of Santa Luzia ). Two kilometers away, in the village of Santa Luzia, the remains of a Roman cemetery have been found. It is from there that the only pre-Christian Greek inscription in Portugal comes from, which indicates a Greek colony in the 4th century BC. Delivered.
Like almost the entire Iberian Peninsula, Tavira was conquered by Moors from 711 onwards . It became part of the Caliphate of Cordoba from 756 . A highly developed culture developed, as the latest excavations suggest. In the 11th century Tavira was part of the Moorish emirate of Badajoz, in the middle of the 12th century it was even briefly independent under the Moors Umar before it fell under Moroccan rule.
Dom Paio Peres Correia and the Knightly Order of Santiago took the city on June 11, 1242 on behalf of King Sancho II . Since - according to a legend - seven knights were killed during a truce while hunting by Moors from Tavira, the city was almost completely destroyed when they were captured and the church of Santa Maria do Castelo was built in place of the mosque . In 1415 the Portuguese began their conquest of Ceuta from here. Tavira was granted city rights in 1520. As early as 1451, fishermen were given the privilege of being able to sell their catch anywhere. In addition, only they were allowed to harvest corals and go whaling.
In the 16th century, Tavira became the most important port in the Algarve with the importation of a considerable part of the goods imported from the Portuguese colonies. The Misericordia church, which is particularly richly decorated with azulejos , dates from this time . In the 17th century Tavira lived to a large extent from the trade in wine, salt, dried fruits and dried fish.
In 1645 the plague raged in the city for a year. 4,000 to 5,000 residents fell victim to it. From the middle of the century, the river, at the mouth of which Tavira lies, the Rio Gilão, began to increasingly silt up. The economically and politically leading city of the Algarve gradually lost its access to the river. It had to cede its priority in favor of Faro around 1700.
In 1755 the Lisbon earthquake devastated Tavira. The castle was also destroyed in the process. The absolutist Prime Minister Marqués de Pombal and the Bishop of Faro directed the reconstruction of the city. However, the city did not recover from the economic decline despite government support. The Misericordia church received a gilded pulpit in 1760.
The relocation of the schools of tuna made Tavira continue to lose importance from 1920 onwards. In 1881, 43,000 specimens of tuna were caught in the Algarve; in the 1960s only around 500 per season. In the early 1970s, gillnet fishing in the estuary ceased. The old tuna fishing station is now a luxury hotel.
The overfishing of sardines off the coast caused the fishery to continue to decline. Today Tavira is a city whose economy is heavily dependent on tourism. The city center has been restored and numerous buildings have been converted into hotels.
Attractions
The seven-arch so-called Roman Bridge from 1655, destroyed after the earthquake, was rebuilt in 1870. It leads to the Praça da República . There is the town hall with late medieval arcades .
The castle on the hill is of Moorish origin. It was strengthened under King Dinis in the 13th century. Today there is a garden between the ruins of the wall. From the top of the walls and the remains of the tower you have a panoramic view of the city and the river mouth.
On the way to the fortress is the Igreja da Misericórdia , built in 1541 , which has a harmoniously designed Renaissance facade by André Pilarte . Above the entrance portal are the figures of Saints Peter and Paul and María da Misericórdia (Mercy). Inside the church is decorated with blue and white azulejo pictures.
There is a camera obscura in the former water tower on the top of the hill . It offers a panoramic view of the city and an exhibition on the city's history.
Next to the castle ruins is the Igreja Santa Maria do Castelo . It was built on the foundations of a mosque. The Gothic portal, a Gothic window and the Manueline Capela dos Passos have been preserved in their original form. The remaining parts of the church were destroyed in the earthquake in 1755 and then rebuilt. The clock tower with the Arabic double window is reminiscent of the Moorish period. In the chancel there are tomb slabs that commemorate Dom Paio Peres Correia and the seven Christian knights who were killed.
The Igreja de Santiago , a little below, was originally a mosque. Over the centuries it has been redesigned again and again. The white plastered building presents itself nowadays as a lively structure with nested extensions and a landscape of sloping roofs. The southern main facade is adorned with a representation of St. Jacob ( Santiago ) on horseback as a moonslayer.
The Palácio da Galeria is a renovated Renaissance palace. Finds from the Phoenician era are presented in the entrance area. The remaining rooms are dedicated to changing exhibitions of mostly contemporary art. Above you can easily explore the traditional roof structures of the city: each room has its own roof structure.
The former Moorish quarter extends southwest of the castle. It was originally outside the city walls. A Moorish community lived there for centuries after the Christian reconquest.
On the upstream sand dune Ilha de Tavira there is a lively bathing activity in summer. However, the extensive beach offers so much space that it is hardly ever too crowded, even during the high season. A ferry takes guests from Quatro Águas to the shadowless beach. In addition to a campsite and a few holiday homes, there is also the Algarve's only official nudist beach.
Sports
The sports club Ginásio Clube de Tavira , founded in 1928, initially devoted itself to rowing, gymnastics, football and tennis. Swimming, sailing, roller hockey, sport fishing and cycling were added. In particular in cycling, the club achieved some successes, in addition to placements in the Tour of Portugal , the club won the Volta ao Estado de São Paulo , the tour of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, in 1964 and 1965 . The club now only operates its football departments. The professional team was promoted to the fourth Portuguese league in 1992 , but is now playing under-class again.
The cycling club Clube de Ciclismo de Tavira was founded in 1979 and is the oldest unchanged cycling club in the world. David Blanco won the Tour of Portugal in 2008 for the club.
The 2009 World Indoor Cycling Championships took place in Tavira.
administration
circle
Tavira is the administrative seat of a district of the same name. The neighboring areas are (starting clockwise in the north): Alcoutim , Castro Marim , Vila Real de Santo António , Olhão , São Brás de Alportel , Loulé and the Atlantic Ocean.
With the territorial reform of 2013 , six of the previous municipalities were merged into three new municipalities:
local community | Population (2011) |
Area km² |
Density of population / km² |
LAU code |
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Cachopo | 716 | 203.53 | 4th | 081401 |
Conceição e Cabanas de Tavira | 2,519 | 69.44 | 36 | 081410 |
Luz de Tavira e Santo Estêvão | 4,535 | 59.91 | 76 | 081411 |
Santa Catarina da Fonte do Bispo | 1,809 | 117.59 | 15th | 081404 |
Santa Luzia | 1,455 | 8.50 | 171 | 081408 |
Tavira (Santa Maria e Santiago) | 15,133 | 147.99 | 102 | 081412 |
Tavira county | 26,167 | 606.96 | 43 | 0814 |
Population development
Population in Tavira County (1801–2011) | |||||||||
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1801 | 1849 | 1900 | 1930 | 1940 | 1960 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
10 557 | 14 162 | 25 392 | 27 786 | 28 920 | 27 798 | 24 615 | 24 857 | 24 997 | 26 167 |
Municipal holiday
- June 24th
Town twinning
- Spain : San Bartolomé de la Torre , Huelva Province (since 1992)
- France : Perpignan (since 2001)
- Cape Verde : Porto Novo , Santo Antão Island (since 2005)
- Morocco : Kenitra (since 2006)
- Poland : Łańcut (since 2006)
- Spain : Punta Umbría (since 2006)
traffic
The place is connected to Lagos , Faro and Vila Real de Santo António by the Linha do Algarve railway line .
Tavira is connected to the A22 motorway (here also European route 1 ), which runs 4 km to the north, via the national road N270 .
Tavira is part of the Rede Expressos national bus network.
sons and daughters of the town
- Solomon Abenaes (1520–1603), Marran businessman and diplomat
- Felipa de Souza (1555–1600), victim of the Inquisition
- Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real (1658–1736), Prime Minister
- Pedro Paulo de Figueiredo da Cunha e Melo (1770–1855), Archbishop of Braga
- Sebastião Phillipes Martins Estácio da Veiga (1828–1891), archaeologist and author
- Tomás Cabreira (1865–1918), Freemason, author, military, Minister of Finance 1914
- Eduardo Pavia de Magalhães (1885–1960), violinist, composer and conductor
- António Pinheiro (1867–1943), actor, director and author
- Marcelino António Maria Franco (1871–1955), Bishop of the Algarve
- António Henrique Balté (1906–1992), doctor and author
- Jorge Corvo (* 1934), racing cyclist
- Macário Correia (* 1957), politician
- Pedro Miguel Lopes (* 1975), racing cyclist
- António Fernando Amaro Livramento (* 1979), football player
- António Fernando Amado Livramento (* 1982), football player
- Tiago Nené (* 1982), lawyer, writer and translator
literature
- Volker Gold and Henning Hammond-Norden Tavira Impressions of an old city by the sea. Photo book, 156 p., Texts in 4 languages, self-published by Volker.Gold@t-online.de, Landsberg, 1999. ISBN 3-00-003886-8
- Various authors: Tavira - Passear e Conhecer , Caleidoscópio 2004, ISBN 978-972-8801-24-3
- Isabel Macieira: A Pintura Sacra em Tavira , Edições Colibri 2005, ISBN 978-972-772-503-8 (Sacred painting in Tavira)
- Thomas G. Schattner (Ed.): Archaeological guide through Portugal (= cultural history of the ancient world . Vol. 74). Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1998, ISBN 3-8053-2313-1 p. 208
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ a b Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
- ↑ Müller, Michael: Algarve . 7th edition. Michael Müller Verlag, Erlangen 2011, ISBN 978-3-89953-599-0 , p. 93 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Müller, Michael: Algarve . 7th edition. Michael Müller Verlag, Erlangen 2011, ISBN 978-3-89953-599-0 , p. 92-95 .
- ^ Article from August 5, 2010 by the public broadcaster Antena 1 , accessed on August 19, 2013
- ↑ www.anmp.pt , accessed on August 19, 2013