Organ of St. Pankratius (Neuenfelde)

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Organ of St. Pankratius (Neuenfelde)
Neuenfelde St. Pankratius organ (3) .jpg
General
alternative name Schnitger organ
place St. Pankratius , Hamburg-Neuenfelde
Organ builder Arp Schnitger
Construction year 1688
Last renovation / restoration 2015–2017 by Wegscheider
epoch Baroque
Organ landscape between Elbe and Weser
Technical specifications
Number of pipes 2068
Number of registers 34
Number of rows of pipes 54
Number of manuals 2
Tone tract Mechanically
Register action Mechanically
Right pedal tower

The organ of St. Pankratius in Hamburg-Neuenfelde was built in 1688 by Arp Schnitger and is his largest two manual organ. The instrument has 34 registers , about half of which are still original. The place Neuenfelde belongs to the old country and was not incorporated into Hamburg until 1937.

Building history

Schnitger was closely associated with Neuenfelde. Here he met his first wife, whom he married in 1684. In 1693 he acquired the farm of his father-in-law Hans Otte in Neuenfelde and, in addition to Hamburg , maintained another organ workshop, the so-called “Orgelbauerhof”. He lived in Neuenfelde from 1705 at the earliest until his death in 1719, built his church seat in St. Pankratius and was also buried here in the hereditary funeral.

New building by Schnitger in 1688

When the church was rebuilt in 1682, Schnitger outsourced the old organ and installed it in the new church. It was not until 1672–1673 that Hans Christoph Fritzsche built a new organ with 14 registers which, after Fritzsche's death in 1674, was to be expanded to include a separate pedal. Apparently the instrument turned out to be too small and unsuitable for the new room, so that Schnitger was commissioned to build a new organ in 1683. Due to further interior work in the church (including ceiling paintings), Schnitger was only able to start construction in 1688 and completed the new organ on an almost seven meter high west gallery in 21 weeks. He moved the old Fritzsche organ to the Pankratius Church in Stade , where he added pedal towers.

The Neuenfeld work is Schnitger's largest two-manual organ. The prospectus of the Hauptwerk and Rückpositiv has five axes with a raised polygonal central tower and pointed towers on the side. Two-storey flat fields, which are separated in the main plant by transom strips, mediate between the towers. The pipes in the upper flat fields are mute. A total of 204 original pipes with a tin content of around 23% are in the prospectus. On both sides of the Hauptwerk case there is another two-storey flat field with silent pipes, which connects the side pedal towers in the gallery parapets with the manual case. The upper and lower cornices are profiled and have a frieze . The pipe fields have openwork carving of acanthus leaf with volutes at the top and bottom . The blind wings are relatively narrow.

Later work

In 1750 Jakob Albrecht ( Lamstedt ) made a small change to the disposition . Albrecht removed Schnitger's funnel shelf in the Rückpositiv and placed the Krummhorn from the main work in its place. Georg Wilhelm Wilhelmy took care of the instrument at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. He replaced the keyboards and the two cymbal stars , built in a sliding coupling and created the crowning urn on the case.

The renovations carried out by the Röver family (Stade) in the 19th century were much more radical. Johann Hinrich Röver put the Rückpositiv aside in 1867 and integrated two or three Schnitger flute parts into a new back work. At least the Schnitger wind chest was preserved. In 1886 Carl Johann Heinrich Röver replaced at least five Schnitger registers ( mixtures and reeds ).

Restorations

Color version from 1956 to 2016

The instrument had a major influence on the young organ movement and has been restored in several stages. In 1926, Hans Henny Jahnn and Karl Kemper repaired the Rückpositiv again, with Kemper mostly replacing missing Schnitger registers with stocks. These are said to have included three registers from the Scherer school, which, according to research by Gustav Fock, should have come from the dismantled organ of the Aegidienkirche ( Lübeck ) by Hans Scherer the Younger (1624/1625). Kristian Wegscheider's research during the restoration, which was completed in 2017, showed that only a few pipes were made by Scherer, but most of them were taken over by Johann Friedrich Schulze .

In 1938 the organ builder Paul Ott (Göttingen) made all high mixtures and reeds from scratch and in this way reduced the original inventory even further. In 1950/1951 Rudolf von Beckerath Orgelbau (Hamburg) carried out a renovation of the winch , a partial renewal of the action and the installation of a new Vox humana .

Major restoration work by Ott was completed in 1978: the changes to the action were reversed, Schnitger's bellows were reactivated and the pipework was re-voiced when the wind pressure was reduced. Nevertheless, the inconsistency of some registers was noticeable, which was due to the later additions and sometimes improper restorations. The rattling of the action was also found annoying. Over the years, intonation problems also increased .

Restoration 2015–2017

Organ on the west gallery
Projecting Rückpositiv

A comprehensive restoration based on strict principles of monument preservation and in line with today's knowledge was carried out by the Wegscheider organ workshop from 2015 to 2017 on the initiative of the organist Hilger Kespohl. During this time, the case stayed in the church, where it was somewhat straightened and stabilized. The restoration of the organ case as well as the exposure and restoration of the paintwork was carried out in 2015-2017 by the restoration studio Wellmer Restoration from Himbergen- Groß Thondorf . Investigations by Wellmer from 2010 formed the basis for the restoration concept.

The examination of the internal work showed that many parts of the action and several original pipes were no longer in their original place and that more of the original substance had been preserved than initially assumed. All lost and later replaced pipes have been reconstructed, especially the mixed voices and the reeds, a total of 1301 pipes. Schnitger's wind chests have been preserved, as well as the action of the upper work, while Wegscheider reconstructed the action of the Rückpositiv and pedal. The keyboards from Wilhelmy including his sliding belt from around 1800 were taken over. Wind pressure tests led to the best results at a relatively high wind pressure of 84  mm water column . The triple cymbal is a quartsext cymbal, as described by Michael Praetorius in his Organographia (1619).

In 2014, a grant of 300,000 euros was approved from federal funds for the total renovation costs of around 850,000 euros. In January 2017, a mahogany frame was completed instead of the green-red imitation marble that was last visible . The newly designed, modified mid-tone tuning is comparable to the northern tuning of the organ of the Ludgerikirche in the north and also does not require a wolf fifth . It is based in Neuenfelde six to 1 / 5 - Pythagorean comma reduced Quinten on F, C, G, A, E and H. The fifth DA and the other four fifths are pure, Dis-B is a 1 / 5 -Komma expanded. The re-inauguration of the organ took place on June 12, 2017 by Bishop Kirsten Fehrs .

Disposition since 2017 (= 1688)

I Rückpositiv CDEFGA – c 3
Principal 04 ′00 S.
Gedact 08th' S / W
Quintadena 08th' S / W
Plock floit 04 ′ S.
Quintfloit 03 ′ S / W
Octav 02 ′ S / W
Siefloit 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′ W.
Sexquialt II W.
Tertzian II W.
Sharp IV – VI W.
Straight shelf0 08th' W.
II Oberwerk CDEFGA – c 3
Principal 08th' S.
Quintadena 16 ′00 S.
Pipe floit 08th' S.
Octav 04 ′ S.
Spitz floit 04 ′ S.
Nasat 03 ′ S.
Octav 02 ′ S.
Game floit 02 ′ S.
Rauschpfeiff II0 S.
Mixture V-VI W.
Cimbel III W.
Drum up 08th' S / W
Krummhorn 08th' W.
CDE – d pedal 1
Principal 16 ′00 S.
Octav 08th' S.
Octav 04 ′ S.
Floit 04 ′ S.
Night horn 02 ′ W.
Rauschpfeiff II0 (S) / W
Mixture V-VI W.
Trumpet 16 ′ W.
Drum up 08th' W.
Cornet 02 ′ W.
Remarks
  1. ↑ a b Conical.
S = Arp Schnitger (1688)
Wi = Wilhelmy (around 1800)
W = Kristian Wegscheider (2017)

Technical specifications

  • 34 registers, 54 rows of pipes
  • Wind supply :
  • Windchest (Schnitger)
  • Action:
    • Keyboards: manuals (Wilhelmy), pedal (Wilhelmy / Wegscheider)
    • Tone action: mechanical
    • Stop action: mechanical
  • Mood :
    • Modifies the mean tone tuning
    • Pitch approx. 3 ⁄ 4 tone over a 1 = 440 Hz

literature

  • Dietrich Diederichs-Gottschalk : My sound points to eternity. The image programs for organ lofts and church furnishings in the St. Bartholomäuskirche Golzwarden and the St. Pankratiuskirche Hamburg-Neuenfelde in the context of the organs by Arp Schnitger . Isensee, Oldenburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7308-1404-8 .
  • Cornelius H. Edskes , Harald Vogel : Arp Schnitger and his work (=  241st publication by the Society of Organ Friends ). 2nd Edition. Hauschild, Bremen 2013, ISBN 978-3-89757-525-7 , pp. 38-39, 162-163 .
  • Gustav Fock : Arp Schnitger and his school. A contribution to the history of organ building in the North and Baltic Sea coast areas . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1974, ISBN 3-7618-0261-7 , p. 77-79 .
  • Gustav Fock: Arp Schnitger's relationship with Neuenfelde. In: Gustav Fock (Ed.): 900 years of Neuenfelde, formerly Hasselwerder. Buchwitz, Hamburg-Neuenfelde / Buxtehude 1959, pp. 45-52.
  • Peter Golon, Hilger Kespohl, Dorothea Schröder , Kristian Wegscheider : Hamburg-Neuenfelde, St. Pankratius. Arp Schnitger organ. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7954-3461-8 .
  • Konrad Küster , Hans Tegtmeyer (ed.): God alone, honor - the wealth of organs in the old country . [Landschaftsverband Stade], [Stade] 2007, ISBN 978-3-931879-31-0 (catalog for the exhibition from June 7th to August 26th, 2007).
  • Günter Seggermann, Alexander Steinhilber, Hans-Jürgen Wulf: The organs in Hamburg . Ludwig, Kiel 2019, ISBN 978-3-86935-366-1 , pp. 165-166 .

Recordings / sound carriers

Web links

Commons : Orgel von St. Pankratius (Neuenfelde)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 162.
  2. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 38.
  3. ↑ a b Küster: Glory to God alone. 2008, p. 33.
  4. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 79.
  5. ^ Organ information on Neuenfelde , accessed on February 3, 2017.
  6. ↑ schnitgerorgel.de: Disposition of the Arp Schnitger organ of the St. Pankratius Church in Hamburg-Neuenfelde , accessed on October 27, 2017.
  7. ^ Michael Praetorius: Syntagma musicum. Vol. 2: De Organographia (1619). Reprint: Bärenreiter, Kassel 2001, ISBN 978-3-7618-1527-4 , p. 131 ( online , accessed on July 10, 2017).
  8. ↑ Die Welt from November 14, 2014 , accessed on February 3, 2017.

Coordinates: 53 ° 31 ′ 14.6 "  N , 9 ° 48 ′ 38.8"  E