East Asian early evening swift
| East Asian early evening swift | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Yes | ||||||||||||
| Thomas , 1902 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Ia io | ||||||||||||
| Thomas , 1902 |
The East Asian nocturnal bat ( Ia io ) is a species of bat from the smooth-nosed family (Vespertilionidae). It is likely to be closely related to the broad-winged bats ( Eptesicus ). This bat is common in much of East and Southeast Asia.
features
general characteristics
The East Asian noctule bat is a large bat and reaches a head-to-trunk length of 9.0 to 10.5 centimeters; the forearm is 7.1 to 8 centimeters long, making it one of the largest species of bats in the world. The fifth finger is very short and reaches a maximum of half or two thirds of the first finger bone of the first finger. The fur is brown on the top and grayish brown on the underside. The face is bare and the ears are covered with hair, they reach a length of 22 to 29 millimeters. The tail length is 6.1 to 8.3 centimeters and the tail protrudes slightly beyond the tail membrane.
Features of the skull
The skull of Ia io has a maximum length of 27 millimeters and a width in the area of the zygomatic arches of 16.7 to 17.0 millimeters. It is strongly developed and has a well-developed sagittal crest. The base phenoid is longer than it is wide, the palate is narrow.
| 2 | · | 1 | · | 2 | · | 3 | = 34 |
| 3 | · | 1 | · | 2 | · | 3 |
The type has two front teeth (incisors), a canine (canine), two Vorbackenzahn (premolar) and three molars (Molar) in an upper jaw half and three cutting teeth, a canine, two Vorbackenzähne and three molars in the lower jaw half. The animals have a total of 34 teeth. The outer incisor in the upper jaw is reduced with a flat crown and no central point. The canine tooth and the first molar tooth are close together.
distribution
The bat is distributed over large parts of East and Southeast Asia from southern and central China and northern India and Nepal to Myanmar , Vietnam , Laos and Thailand . In India it occurs in Assam and Meghalaya , in China in the provinces of Sichuan , Guizhou , Anhui , Jiangxi , Hunan , Guangxi , Jiangsu , Yunnan , Shaanxi and Hubei .
The altitude distribution is between 200 and 1,700 meters.
Way of life
Not much is known about their way of life. Caves are mainly used as sleeping places. As with most smooth noses, their food consists mainly of insects , whereby they leave their sleeping place in the late afternoon and look for food and return early. As with the Giant Noctule Swift ( Nyctalus lasiopterus ) and the Nyctalus aviator , however, it could also be proven for Ia io that it regularly preyes on birds and feeds on them.
In the winter months it is likely to migrate to warmer regions.
Systematics
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Phylogenetic position of Ia io
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The East Asian early evening swift was first scientifically described by Oldfield Thomas in 1902. He classified it as the only species in the genus Ia also described by him within the smooth noses (Vespertilionidae), which is monotypical to this day . With Ia beaulieui Bourret, 1942 and Ia longimana Pen, 1962, two further species were described, but both are considered synonyms of Ia io . Apart from the nominate form, no further subspecies are distinguished within the species .
The closest relative within the smooth noses is the Scotomanes ornatus , which is also widespread in South Asia and was identified as a sister species in molecular biological analyzes . Sister taxons of this common group are the broad-winged bats (genus Eptesicus ).
The scientific name Ia io is, next to that of the dinosaur Yi qi , the shortest binomial species name recognized by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) .
Danger
The IUCN lists the species as not endangered (“least concern”) due to its large distribution area and the assumed high population numbers. General threats to the species are not known, but locally it is affected by habitat changes. In South Asia, deforestation and the conversion of former forest areas into agricultural areas play a role. In addition, there are often disturbances in the caves that are used as quarters.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Don E. Wilson: Great Evening Bat. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 360. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
- ↑ a b c Adora Thabah, Gang Li, Yinan Wang, Bing Liang, Kailiang Hu, Shuyi Zhang, Gareth Jones: Diet, Echolocation Calls, and Phylogenetic Affinities of the Great Evening Bat (Ia io; Vespertilionidae): Another Carnivorous Bat Journal of Mammalogy 88 (3), 2007; Pp. 728-735. doi : 10.1644 / 06-MAMM-A-167R1.1
- ↑ a b c d Ia io in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.2. Listed by: G. Csorba, S. Bumrungsri, P. Bates, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
- ↑ a b Xiao-Ming Gu, Shu-Yan He, Lei Ao: Molecular Phylogenetics among Three Families of Bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Vespertilionidae) Based on Partial Sequences of the Mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA Genes. Zoological Studies 47 (3), 2008: pp. 368-378. ( Full text ; PDF; 371 kB)
- ↑ a b Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (eds.): Ia io ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).
literature
- Don E. Wilson: Great Evening Bat. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , p. 360.
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
Web links
- Ia io inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.2. Listed by: G. Csorba, S. Bumrungsri, P. Bates, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2013.