Otto Kraul

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Otto Kraul (* 1892 ; † 1972 ) was a German captain , whaler and polar explorer .

Life

Around 1908 Otto Kraul was in Honolulu / Hawaii for two months with a sailing ship . At the beginning of the First World War in 1914, Otto Kraul arrived in Buenos Aires as a sailor on an American steamer . German seafarers no longer received any samples. Relations with a former shipmates helped him on the Bark Tijuca of 1904 by Norwegian Carl Anton Larsen founded Compañía Argentina de Pesca Sociedad Anónima ( Argentine to inspect fishing AG), with the coming to South Georgia sailed and from there the whaling pursued. After the war he returned to Germany and attended the seafaring school in Bremen .

As a ship's officer, he went on a whale hunt again and a few years later obtained his captain's license in Bremen. Until the change in the law, which banned foreign nationals from working on Argentine whalers from 1931, he headed Argentine whaling on the Patagonian coast for years as a harpooner and fishing manager . In 1930 Kraul returned to Germany and met Carl Kircheiß there in Bremen . At the end of 1931 he received an offer to become the captain and harpooner of the first Soviet whaling expedition. The expedition consisted of the four ships Aleut , Entusiast (Krauls Schiff), Avangard and Trudfront . Via Kingston / Jamaica the passage ran through the Panama Canal to Socorro Island , where the first whale was shot. On November 28, 1932, the expedition moored in Honolulu to bunker drinking water, and on December 8, 1932, continued to Vladivostok . Otto Kraul worked for Soviet whaling until 1935.

In 1935 Otto Kraul, as one of the few Germans with experience in whaling, took over command of the Jan Wellem as captain , which was operated by the first German whaling company founded in Bremerhaven in March 1935 . When the Second World War broke out , Jan Wellem had completed a total of three whaling trips under Otto Kraul to the Antarctic . The first season 1936-37 yielded 920 whales, which resulted in 61,992 barrels of whale oil.

Otto Kraul served in the secret German Antarctic Expedition 1938/39 between December 17, 1938 and April 11, 1939 as an ice pilot for the target area on the Princess Martha Coast . The expedition on board the Schwabenland discovered hitherto completely unknown ice-free mountain regions and threw metal arrows with national emblems in order to justify sovereign claims. The region between 10 ° W and 15 ° E that was viewed and flown over was christened “ Neuschwabenland ” by the expedition leaders. The expedition left the coast of Antarctica on February 6, 1939 and carried out further oceanographic investigations in the vicinity of Bouvet Island and Fernando de Noronha on the return voyage .

Around 1941 he was in command of the weather observation ship Sachsen , an auxiliary ship of the Navy . He later advised on equipping the Munich .

Awards

Fonts

  • Captain Kraul tells: 20 years of whaling under the Argentine, Russian and German flags in the Arctic and Antarctic , Herbig, Berlin 1939
  • The ice conditions in Antarctic waters , in: German research: From the work of the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft , Herrosé & Ziemsen, 1942, pp. 273–282
  • The drive through the ice , 1944

literature

  • Wolfgang Frank: whale hunters. Whaling in the southern ice . H. Köhler, Hamburg 1938, 180 pp.
  • Wolfgang Frank : The resurrected German whaling. Depicted on the development history of the first German whaling company in connection with a travel report about the 2nd "Jan Wellem" expedition . Henkel & Cie., Düsseldorf 1939
  • Ian B. Hart: Pesca: The history of Compañía Argentina de Pesca Sociedad Anónima of Buenos Aires: an account of the pioneer modern whaling and sealing company in the Antarctic , Aidan Ellis, 2001, ISBN 978-0-85628299-7
  • Hans Lübbert: Handbuch der Seefischerei Northern Europe: Die deutsche Seefischerei , Vol. 11, Issues 4-6, E. Schweizerbart, 1930, P. 143 ff.
  • Nicolaus Peters: The new German whaling: a practical manual of its historical, legal, scientific and technical basics , Hansa German nautical magazine, 1938, p. 20 f.
  • Johan Nicolay Tønnessen / Arne Odd Johnsen: The history of modern whaling. , C. Hurst & Co., London 1982, ISBN 0-905838-23-8 ; ISBN 978-0-905838-23-6 ; [Canberra: Australian National University Press. ISBN 0-7081-0749-4 ; ISBN 978-0-7081-0749-2 ]; [Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03973-4 ]; [OCLC 8860504], pp. 422 f., 428, 451.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ian B. Hart: Pesca: The history of Compañía Argentina de Pesca Sociedad Anónima of Buenos Aires: an account of the pioneer modern whaling and sealing company in the Antarctic , Aidan Ellis, 2001, ISBN 978-0-85628299-7 , p 228. Snippets
  2. ^ Compañia Argentina de Pesca in the Spanish language Wikipedia
  3. ↑ Carl Kircheiß : Whale hooo! World trips with harpoons, fishhooks and nets , Wilkens, Rendsburg 1950, p. 200f.
  4. ^ W. Wilfried Schuhmacher: A soviet whaling expedition at Honolulu in 1932 (PDF; 638 kB). In: The Hawaiian Journal of History , vol. 26, 1992, pp. 255-257
  5. ^ Johan Nicolay Tønnessen / Arne Odd Johnsen: The history of modern whaling. , C. Hurst & Co., London 1982, ISBN 0-905838-23-8 ; ISBN 978-0-905838-23-6 ; [Canberra: Australian National University Press. ISBN 0-7081-0749-4 ; ISBN 978-0-7081-0749-2 ]; [Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03973-4 ]; [OCLC 8860504], p. 451
  6. ^ Berger, Peter: With the crane at the tail , Kolibri, 1968, p. 134; Otto Kraul: Käpt'n Kraul tells: 20 years of whaling under the Argentine, Russian and German flags in the Arctic and Antarctic , Herbig, Berlin 1939, p. 225
  7. ↑ David Kahn: Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1939-1943 , Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991, ISBN 9780395427392 f, p 149th
  8. ^ Alfred Ritscher : Scientific and flying results of the German Antarctic Expedition 1938/39 , Volume 1. Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 1942, pp. 1-304. Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy: Digital Name Database Antarctica. Directory of German-speaking names in the Antarctic ( Memento from January 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) 2nd edition, Frankfurt am Main 1993
  9. ↑ Colin Summerhayes / Cornelia Lüdecke: A German Contribution to South Atlantic Seabed Studies, 1938-39 , in: Polarforschung 82 (2), 93-101, 2012 (published 2013), ISSN (print) 0032-2490, p. 96
personal data
SURNAME Kraul, Otto
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German captain, whaler and polar explorer
DATE OF BIRTH 1892
DATE OF DEATH 1972