Otto Wiener (physicist)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Otto Heinrich Wiener (born June 15, 1862 in Karlsruhe , † January 18, 1927 in Leipzig ) was a German physicist .

life and work

Otto Wiener received his doctorate in 1887 at the University of Strasbourg on the phase change of light during reflection and methods for determining the thickness of thin leaves .

Wiener became known for his experimental evidence of standing light waves ; In 1890 he succeeded in determining the wavelength of light .

The Physics Institute of the University of Leipzig, which was established under Wiener's direction

From 1895 he was a professor at the University of Giessen . In 1899 he followed a call to the physics institute at Leipzig University , where he succeeded Gustav Wiedemann . In his inaugural academic lecture in Leipzig from 1900 on the expansion of our senses , he placed the formation of physical theories in the context of the theory of evolution . With the formula of the expansion of our senses , he anticipated one of Marshall McLuhan's main theses of media theory , which he recurs as extensions of man .

From 1901 to 1904, under Wiener's direction, the new Physics Institute of the University of Leipzig was built on Linnéstrasse.

He designed a theoretical cinematograph with which it the theory of the inner dummy pictures and symbols by Heinrich Hertz ( principles of mechanics picks, 1894); Norbert Wiener later developed this model further in his cybernetics .

In 1916, Wiener held an adult education center course on physics during the war in his institute and, in 1920, was a member of the first specialist committee in physics to award research grants, alongside Carl Runge , Wolfgang Gaede , August Schmauss , Johannes Stark , Wilhelm Westphal , Gustav Eberhard and Wilhelm Wien .

Under his aegis, August Karolus received his doctorate in 1923 and a professorship in 1926; In Leipzig, Karolus developed an image telegraphy process in cooperation with the Telefunken company and constructed a television system with mechanical image decomposition ( mirror wheel ) in the physical fundamentals of television work area .

Otto Wiener's grave in the Südfriedhof in Leipzig

Wiener was a Prussian privy councilor.

Otto Wiener's successors in Leipzig were Peter Debye , Werner Heisenberg and Friedrich Hund as well as Gustav Hertz .

Fonts

  • The expansion of our senses. Inaugural academic lecture held on May 19, 1900. Leipzig 1900.
  • The relationship between the data from the reflection observations on metals and their optical constants. Teubner 1908.
  • About color photography and related science issues. Lecture given at the 80th meeting of natural scientists in Cologne on the Rhine in the general meeting of both main groups on September 24, 1908. In: Verh. Der Ges. Dt. Naturalists and doctors. 80th verse on Cologne. Part 1. Vogel, Leipzig 1909.
  • Experiments with gas balloons in the field of electric sparks and lightning protection for airships . In: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Luftschiffahrt , 1910, pp. 12-16.
  • Vogelflug, Luftfahrt und Zukunft, with an appendix on war and international peace. Barth, Leipzig 1911.
  • The theory of the mixed body for the steady flow field. 1. Treatise: The mean theorems for force, polarization and energy. (Treatises of the mathematical-physical class of the royal Saxon society of science. Volume 32, No. 6.) Leipzig 1912.
  • Physics and cultural development through technical and scientific expansion of human natural facilities. Leipzig, Berlin 1919.
  • Aviation strength theory. Hirzel, Leipzig 1920. (Work on aeronautical problems; introduction to aviation and aerodynamics for aspiring pilots.)
  • The basic law of nature and the maintenance of the absolute speed in the ether. Treatises of the Saxon Academy of Sciences, mathematical-physical class No. IV. Teubner, Leipzig 1921.
  • Vibrations of an elastic kind in the force-free flow ether. In: Phys. Magazine. Volume 25. 1924, pp. 552-559.
  • Widths, times, speeds. A conversation about basic scientific questions. Düsseldorf 1925.
  • Nature and man. The natural sciences and their applications. 4 volumes. Edited by CW Schmidt, arr. v. HH Kritzinger, CW Schmidt, Otto Wiener, Hugo Kauffmann, K. Keilhack, G. Kraitschek, F. Cappeller, C. Schäffer and others de Gruyter, Berlin 1926–1931.
  • On the theory of the flow ether. In: Phys. Magazine. Volume 26. 1928, pp. 73-78.

literature

  • PR Masani: Otto Wiener. 1991.

See also

Web links


personal data
SURNAME Wiener, Otto
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wiener, Otto Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH June 15, 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 1927
Place of death Leipzig