Wilhelm Hanle

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Wilhelm Hanle

Wilhelm Hanle (born January 13, 1901 in Mannheim ; † April 29, 1993 in Gießen ) was a German physicist . In 1924 he discovered the Hanle effect, later named after him by Werner Heisenberg .

life and work

The son of a businessman graduated from the secondary school in Mannheim in 1919 with the final exam. He then studied natural sciences, especially mathematics , physics and chemistry , at the University of Heidelberg , but later moved to Göttingen and devoted himself only to physics.

In 1924 he received his doctorate at the University of Göttingen with the dissertation on magnetic influence on the polarization of the resonance fluorescence of mercury under James Franck . After several assistant positions at various universities, he completed his habilitation in 1927 at the University of Halle and two years later moved to the Department of Physics at the University of Jena as head of department .

Wilhelm Hanle had been head of department at the Physical Institute of the University of Jena since August 1929, as evidenced by his personal file at the University of Jena. From November 1, 1935 to March 31, 1937, Hanle was a substitute professor at Leipzig University. When Hanle returned to the University of Jena on April 1, 1937, his position was filled. From October 1937, he was then transferred to the University of Göttingen as senior assistant by the Reich Ministry of Education, where he had already been an assistant in 1924. Inspired by Otto Hahn , Hanle developed ideas for the creation of a “uranium machine”, i.e. a reactor , which he and other physicists presented to the Ministry of Science in Berlin in April 1939. Hanle and his former colleague Georg Joos from Jena had previously written a letter to the Reich Minister of Education, Bernhard Rust , in which they referred to the use of uranium both as an energy source and as a weapon. However, Hanle was not involved in the Nazis' nuclear research, since his Göttingen group was excluded from it by the Army Weapons Office due to conscription at the beginning of the Second World War.

From 1941 until his retirement, Hanle held the chair for physics at Ludwigs University in Gießen (today: Justus Liebig University ). His predecessors in this chair included Heinrich Buff , Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1879–1888), Franz Himstedt (1889–1895), Otto Wiener (1895–1899), Wilhelm Wien (1900), Paul Drude (1900–1904), Walter König (1905–1930), Walther Bothe (1930–1932) and Christian Gerthsen (1932–1939). During the war, Hanle dealt with coherence effects in light emission, luminescence and physics, especially spectroscopy , of radioactive gases. He developed measuring devices, scintillation counters and dosimeters . The so-called Hanle effect , which he discovered in 1924 and which was later given this name by Werner Heisenberg, has become prominent .

After the war, among other things, he worked as a state expert on issues relating to nuclear energy and protection against ionizing radiation in the event of a nuclear war and published numerous papers. From 1960 he was also co-editor of the magazine Kerntechnik .

Hanle retired in 1969 and occasionally represented his son-in-law Arthur Scharmann in teaching at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen in the following years .

Honors

In 1970 the University of Stuttgart awarded him the title of Dr.-Ing. E. h. In 1973 he received the Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, in 1975 the X-ray plaque of the city of Remscheid . In 1987 he was made an Honorary Senator of the Justus Liebig University in Giessen for his services to rebuilding the university after the war . For his services in research ( Hanle effect ) and with reference to his six decades of friendship with the physicist Robert Döpel , who last worked at the Technical University of Ilmenau , this university (now TU) awarded him the Dr. hc On the occasion of the celebratory colloquium for the 75th birthday of his son-in-law Arthur Scharmann, the large lecture hall of the physics department at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen was renamed the Wilhelm Hanle lecture hall .

Fonts (selection)

  • W. Hanle: About magnetic influencing of the polarization of the resonance fluorescence . In: Z. Phys. tape 30 , 1924, pp. 93 ( springer.com [PDF] reprint in Z. f. Physik D 18 (1) (1991)).
  • W. Hanle: Artificial radioactivity and its nuclear physics. Basics . Fischer, Jena 1939.
  • W. Hanle (Hrsg.): Isotopentechnik: application of radionuclides u. stable nuclides . 2nd Edition. Thiemig, Munich 1976, ISBN 978-3-521-06029-6 .
  • Wilhelm Hanle, H Kleinpoppen, HJ Beyer (Hrsg.): Progress in atomic spectroscopy . Plenum Press, 1978 (Associate Editor of Volumes A and B).

Web links

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  1. ^ Jena University Archives, Wilhelm Hanle Personnel File, NN, 1076
  2. ^ History of the I. Physikalisches Institut. uni-giessen.de, archived from the original on September 26, 2012 ; Retrieved April 4, 2013 .
  3. ^ Wilhelm Hanle: Memoirs. I. Physics Institute, Justus Liebig University, 1989
  4. ↑ Announcement of awards of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. In: Federal Gazette . Vol. 25, No. 190, October 9, 1973.
  5. ↑ X-ray plaque for Wilhelm Hanle . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt . tape 72 , no. 25 , June 19, 1975, pp. 1903 ( aerzteblatt.de ).
  6. ^ Wilhelm Hanle: Long-term friendship with Robert Döpel. In: Christian Kleint and Gerald Wiemers (eds.), Werner Heisenberg in Leipzig 1927–1942 , Wiley-VCH Weinheim 1993 and: Abhandlungen d. Saxon. Akad. D. Sciences in Leipzig 58 (1993 H. 2) p. 74-81.
  7. ^ Heinrich Arnold: On an autobiographical letter from Robert Döpel to Fritz Straßmann . Ed .: TU Ilmenau. Ilmedia, 2012, p. 20, footnote 27 ( db-thueringen.de [PDF]).
personal data
SURNAME Hanle, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 13, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Mannheim , Grand Duchy of Baden , German Empire
DATE OF DEATH April 29, 1993
Place of death Giessen , Hessen , Germany