Panagis Tsaldaris
Panagis Tsaldaris ( Greek Παναγής Τσαλδάρης , * 1868 in Kamari ( Korinthia ); † May 17, 1936 in Athens ) was a Greek politician and prime minister .
Studies, family and professional career
Tsaldaris studied law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and at universities in Berlin and Paris . After returning to Greece, he worked as a lawyer, where he earned the respect and respect of his professional colleagues.
In 1919 he married Lina Lambrou , who later became Greece's first female minister and did not die until 1981. The future Prime Minister Konstantinos Tsaldaris was his nephew.
Political career
MP, minister and opponent of Venizelos
He began his political career in 1910 with the election to the National Assembly (Voulí ton Ellínon) . There he represented a constituency of Corinth until his death .
During the conflict between King Constantine I and the then Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos , he took a position in favor of the king. After Venizelos' resignation he was Minister of Justice in the cabinet of his successor Dimitrios Gounaris from March to August 1915 .
Due to his attitude, however, he was arrested after the return of Venizelos and the self-imposed exile of King Constantine I and then deported to various islands in the Aegean Sea between 1917 and 1920 .
After the electoral victory of the People's Party (Inoméni Antipolítevsis) by Gounaris over the Komma Fileleftheron von Venizelos in the parliamentary elections of November 1920, he was Minister of the Interior in the cabinets of Dimitrios Rallis and Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos from November 1920 to April 1921. At the same time he was also Minister for Public Transport in Gounaris' cabinet until May 1922.
Chairman of the People's Party and leader of the opposition
After Gounaris was executed as one of those responsible for the lost Greco-Turkish War on November 28, 1922 for high treason, Tsaldaris took over his office as chairman of the People's Party (IA). However, his party was banned from participating in the 1923 parliamentary elections . In the referendum of 1924 he was a supporter of the return to the monarchy under King George II. During the following dictatorship under General Theodoros Pangalos , he and other politicians were opponents of his military regime.
After the elections of November 1926, he and his party Laikon Komma (LK) reached 60 of the 286 seats in the National Assembly. In the cabinet formed by Alexandros Zaimis , he was interior minister from December 1926 to August 1927. He resigned from this office after disagreements with Zaimis over monetary policy.
Between 1928 and 1933 he exercised as chairman of the Laikon Komma, the second largest faction in the National Assembly, a radical opposition to the government of Venizelos and its Liberal Party (Fileleftheron Komma).
When his LK achieved 95 seats in the parliamentary elections of September 1932, which was only slightly behind the result of the Liberal Party of Venizelos with 98 seats, he rejected his offer to form a government of national unity.
Prime Minister 1932–1933 and 1933–1935
After the failure of Venizelos as Prime Minister, he formed a coalition government with the parties of Georgios Kondylis and Ioannis Metaxas as his successor on November 3, 1932 . However, he had to resign from his office on January 16, 1933 in favor of Venizelos.
After the parliamentary election of March 1933, the People's Party was well ahead of the Liberal Party for the first time, so that on March 10, 1933, after a transitional cabinet of Lieutenant General Alexandros Othoneos in office for only four days, Tsaldaris was again Prime Minister as successor to Venizelos. Here he again formed a coalition government with the parties of Kondylis and Metaxas and was able to fall back on 135 of the 248 parliamentary seats. A failed assassination attempt on Venizelos led to a government crisis and to internal party disputes after three prominent members of the People's Party for the monarchy and a return of in exile situated King George II. Had pronounced. Although Tsaldaris condemned these statements, protests by the Liberal Party and a new military movement broke out.
After successfully suppressing this military movement, Tsaldaris dissolved parliament and called early elections for a constituent assembly.
The parliamentary elections of June 9, 1935, however, were boycotted by the opposition parties and in particular the Liberal Party because of the electoral law passed by the People's Party and because of the death sentences against the two prominent liberal generals Anastasios Papoulas and Miltiadis Koimisis .
In the election, the People's Party won 254 of the 300 seats in parliament, so that Tsaldaris could form a new government. In the following years, however, the calls for a return of King George II increased in his party. Already during the election campaign, the Alliance of the Union of Kings loyal to Metaxas, Ioannis Rallis and Georgios Stratos advocated a return of the king. Tsaldaris wanted to make the return dependent on a referendum.
During his term of office he was also foreign minister for a time and in this function concluded agreements with other Balkan states and Turkey to ease the situation in the Balkans and to recognize the borders.
On October 10, 1935, he resigned in favor of Kondylis after pressure from the army leadership around the chief of the general staff, General Alexandros Papagos . Subsequently, the National People's Party (ELK) split off from the People's Party around Ioannis Theotokis .
Tsaldaris remained a committed member of parliament until his death on May 17, 1936.
Web links
- Newspaper article about Panagis Tsaldaris in the press kit of the 20th century of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
literature
- G. Hering: Tsaldaris, Panajis , in: Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas . Vol. 4. Munich 1981, pp. 358-360
Biographical sources and background information
- biography
- List of ministers of governments 1899–1924 ( Memento from May 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Election results 1926–1936 ( Memento from February 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- List of ministers of governments 1924–1946 ( Memento of December 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Eleftherios Venizelos |
Prime Minister of Greece 1932–1933 |
Eleftherios Venizelos |
| Alexandros Othoneos |
Prime Minister of Greece 1933–1935 |
Georgios condylis |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tsaldaris, Panagis |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Τσαλδάρης, Παναγής; Tsaldaris, Panajis |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Greek politician and prime minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1868 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kamari , Corinth |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 17, 1936 |
| Place of death | Athens |