Panair do Brasil
| Panair do Brasil | |
|---|---|
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| IATA code : | PB |
| ICAO code : | PB |
| Call sign : | BANDERANTE |
| Founding: | 1929 |
| Operation stopped: | 1965 |
| Seat: |
Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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| Home airport : | Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont |
| Fleet size: | 14th |
| Aims: | international |
| Panair do Brasil ceased operations in 1965. The information in italics refer to the last status before the end of operation. | |
Panair do Brasil was a Brazilian airline based in Rio de Janeiro .
history
The airline was founded in 1929 as a Brazilian subsidiary of the US New York, Rio, and Buenos Aires Line ( NYRBA for short ) under the name NYRBA do Brasil . Operations began on August 21, 1929 between Buenos Aires and Montevideo with Sikorsky S-38 aircraft . On August 19, 1930, the American parent company NYRBA was taken over by the airline Pan American Airways ( Pan Am for short ), whereby NYRBA do Brasil passed into their sole ownership. Pan Am was renamed the NYRBA do Brasil on November 21, 1930 to Panair do Brasil . The subsidiary received a company logo that was very similar to that of Pan American Airways . From 1942 onwards, the US parent company began to gradually sell its shares to Brazilian buyers.
After the withdrawal of Pan Am , Panair do Brasil remained a private airline, which in consultation with Varig , the second major Brazilian airline, connected Brazil with the world until 1965. From 1946 onwards , Panair also served European destinations (including Paris and Frankfurt am Main ), while Varig was dedicated to the American continent. Panair's home airport was Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont . In contrast to the Varig, Panair used the Douglas aircraft models , in the 1960s the Douglas DC-8 , while Varig opted for the competing model Boeing 707 .
On February 10, 1965, Panair was unexpectedly informed that the military government, which had ruled since the previous year, had immediately revoked its license due to outstanding tax debts. The intercontinental route network and the DC-8 aircraft that serve them were assigned to the Varig. The South American network was transferred to Cruzeiro do Sul , which emerged from the Brazilian Lufthansa spin-off Syndicato Condor during the war years . The other Panair facilities were divided accordingly. This ended the history of Panair as an airline. Around 5000 employees lost their jobs.
Even in retrospect, the government's approach is at best controversial. It is often seen as illegitimate arbitrariness. It is often pointed out that Panair did not have by far the highest tax debt of any Brazilian airline. It is also noted that as early as 1964 pilots of the Varig were informed that they would soon have to fly to targets which until then had only been served by the Panair - which also earned the reputation of an action that had been well prepared.
In 1984 the period of military rule ended and in the same year the Brazilian government was sentenced by a court to various compensation payments.
Already in 1975 Milton Nascimento and Fernando Brant published the wistful song Saudade Dos Aviões Da Panair ("Longing for the planes of Panair"), which was particularly successful in the version by Elis Regina . In 2007 the Brazilian director Marco Altenberg traced the airline's history in the widely acclaimed documentary Panair do Brasil .
Since the Panair closed , former employees, their relatives and friends, the Família Panair , have been meeting for a convivial exchange every year on October 22, the day the company was founded. In 2010 around 200 people came to eat together at the Clube da Aeronáutica in Rio de Janeiro.
fleet
Panair do Brasil operated the following types of aircraft:
- Consolidated Catalina
- Douglas DC-2
- Douglas DC-3 / C-47
- Douglas DC-6
- Douglas DC-7
- Douglas DC-8
- Lockheed Model 10 Electra
- Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior
- Lockheed Lodestar
- Lockheed Constellation
- Lockheed Super Constellation
- Sikorsky S-38
- Sikorsky S-43
- Sud Aviation Caravelle
Incidents
From 1941 to the cessation of operations in 1965, Panair do Brasil suffered total losses of 25 aircraft. 297 people were killed. Examples:
- On July 28, 1950 a Lockheed L-049 Constellation of Panair do Brasil ( aircraft registration PP-PCG ) flew into the area on a scheduled flight from Rio de Janeiro to Porto Alegre (Brazil). When approaching the Gravatai Air Base near Porto Alegre, the aircraft collided with a power line on a hill just 200 meters high, 15 kilometers north-northeast of the runway. In this CFIT ( Controlled flight into terrain ) all 51 occupants were killed, 7 crew members and 44 passengers.
- On October 14, 1961, Panair do Brasil (PP-PDL) lost hydraulic fluid in a Douglas DC-7C on the way from Manaus . During the emergency landing at Belem Airport , the machine got off the runway when using reverse thrust ; the landing gear collapsed when crossing a ditch. All occupants survived the total loss of the aircraft.
- On November 1, 1961, a Douglas DC-7C of Panair do Brasil (PP-PDO) was flown into an 84 meter high hill on the way from Sal Airport ( Cape Verde ). The aircraft, which first started in Lisbon , was on its final night approach to Recife Airport when it flew 2.7 kilometers from the runway into the area. Of the 88 inmates, 45 were killed.
- On August 20, 1962, the captain of a Douglas DC-8-33 of Panair do Brasil (PP-PDT) broke off the take-off of his plane from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão airport at a late point in time . The plane rolled over the end of the runway and crashed into the sea. During the aircraft accident investigations it was found that although the brakes were applied, the thrust reverser no longer worked after all engines were damaged. The emergency lighting did not work and the passengers had not been informed of the location of the emergency exits or the use of life jackets. After drifting about 100 meters, the aircraft sank within 25 minutes. 15 of the 105 people on board were killed (see also Panair-do-Brasil flight 026 ) .
- On December 14, 1962, an apparently intact Lockheed L-049 Constellation of Panair do Brasil (PP-PDE) was flown off- road on a scheduled flight from Belém to Manaus in the Brazilian state of Amazonas . On the approach to Manaus-Ponta Pelada Airport ( Brazil ), the crew reported “6 minutes to the airfield”, but only asked 15 minutes later whether the aircraft's engines could be heard on the ground. The wreck was found near Rio Preto da Eva , about 45 kilometers from Manaus. The aircraft had flown into trees in level flight and in cruise configuration. All 50 occupants, 7 crew members and 43 passengers, were killed in this CFIT ( Controlled flight into terrain ) (see also the Panair do Brasil accident near Manaus ) .
- On April 8, 1963, the nose landing gear of a Douglas DC-7C of Panair do Brasil (PP-PDM) collapsed during a training flight at Rio de Janeiro-Galeão airport . The two inner engines (number 2 and 3) were torn off, damaged the fuel tanks and started a fire. The 7 crew members survived the total loss of the aircraft.
See also
Web links
- ASN Aviation Safety Database (Panair incident records)
- Daniel Sasaki: Grounded by Force - The Time when Brazilian Innocence Died , Fred Cox DC-8 Jet Collection, August 18, 2004
Individual evidence
- ↑ Panair do Brasil in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ↑ Glauber Gonçalves: Panair resiste na memória e na Justiça ( Memento of September 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) , O Estado de S.Paulo, November 25, 2010
- ^ REG Davies: Airlines of Latin America since 1919. Putnam Aeronautical Books, London 1997, ISBN 0-85177-889-5 , pp. 611-614.
- ↑ Accident statistics Panair do Brasil , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 26, 2017.
- ^ Accident report L-049 PP-PCG , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 5, 2020.
- ↑ Air-Britain Archive: Casualty compendium part 51 (English), October 1993, pp. 93/103.
- ^ Accident report DC-7C PP-PDL , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 25, 2019.
- ^ Accident report DC-7C PP-PDO , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 25, 2019.
- ^ Accident report DC-8-33 PP-PDT , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 25, 2019.
- ↑ Air-Britain Archive: Casualty compendium part 89 (English), June 2003, pp. 2003/095.
- ↑ ICAO Aircraft Accident Digest No. 14 Volume II, Circular 71-AN / 63, Montreal 1966 (English), pp. 145–146.
- ^ Accident report L-049 PP-PDE , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on August 5, 2020.
- ^ Accident report DC-7C PP-PDM , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on February 25, 2019.
