Paraphaenodiscus monawari
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Paraphaenodiscus monawari , male habitus |
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| Paraphaenodiscus monawari | ||||||||||||
| Bhuiya , 1998 |
Paraphaenodiscus monawari is a wasp of the genus Paraphaenodiscus in the family Encyrtidae . The hyperparasite attacks the scallop lice Pulvinaria psidii , which is widespread worldwide andcauses great damagein the cultivation of real guavas and citrus plants in Bangladesh, and Pulvinaria polygonata . Paraphaenodiscus monawari has been found in Bangladesh in the Chittagong district as well as in the Indian states of Assam and Karnataka and in the People's Republic of China .
description
Paraphaenodiscus monawari is a small wasp whose outer appearance other Chalcidoidea corresponds. The length of the strong body is between 1.65 and 1.85 millimeters in female wasps, male wasps are smaller. The head is orange-brown with greenish complex eyes , yellowish anterior vertex , yellow mandibles and light brown palpi . From the antenna , the scapus are black with a yellow border on the top, the pedicellus and the first four flagellum limbs are light brown. The last two flagellomeres are yellowish white, the three claval segments black. Male animals have only two claval segments that are fused together and hardly thickened. The basic color of the thorax is brown, with dark brown scutellum and propodeum . The mesoscutum has a metallic shimmer. The guest is dark brown with a golden and bronze metallic sheen in the middle. The ovipositor and legs are yellow, with the exception of the brown middle and rear coxae .
The head is 1.8 times as wide as it is long when viewed dorsally. There are three ocelles on the head , which are arranged in an acute-angled triangle. The mandibles have three teeth. The antenna's scapus is flat, the six segments of the flagellum become increasingly broader towards the tip of the antenna. In females, the club at the top is made up of three segments, twice as long as it is wide but shorter than the funiculus. The posterior edge of the pronotum forms an angle. The scutellum is longer than it is wide and the mesoscutum is twice as wide as it is long. The forewings are well developed in females and about one and a half times as long as the body, in males significantly shorter than the body. On the tibia of the middle legs there is a spur that is slightly longer than the following first tarsal segment . The gaster is shorter than the thorax and wider than it is long, with a concave front edge and a rear edge tapering off in a broad point.
Way of life
All species of the genus Paraphaenodiscus are parasitoids of plant lice of different families. Paraphaenodiscus monawari parasitized the Napfschildlaus Pulvinaria psidii that by feeding on leaves and branches of genuine guava and citrus trees caused significant in orchards of Bangladesh economic damage. Another host of Paraphaenodiscus monawari is Pulvinaria polygonata .
distribution
The type location of Paraphaenodiscus monawari is the Upazila Patiya ( 22 ° 18 '0 " N , 91 ° 59' 0" O ) in the district Chittagong . There it attacks its type host Pulvinaria psidii , a cup scale insect that parasitizes on the leaves and branches of real guavas. One of the paratypes was found as a parasite of an unspecified scale insect on a citrus plant in the Jorhat district in the Indian state of Assam . In Hebbal in the Bengaluru Urban district of the southern Indian state of Karnataka , the species was identified as a parasite of Pulvinaria polygonata . Another find comes from the People's Republic of China .
Systematics and taxonomy
Paraphaenodiscus monawari is one of about 20 species of the genus Paraphaenodiscus in the tribe Microteryini. This belongs to the subfamily Encyrtinae the Encyrtidae , a family of jewel wasps whose species almost without exception parasites of insects , spiders , mites are or ticks.
It was first described in 1998 by the Bangladeshi entomologist Badrul Amin Bhuiya from the University of Chittagong . The holotype is a female specimen collected by Bhuiya in January 1994, which is in the Natural History Museum in London with two female paratypes . The species name honors the Bangladeshi entomologist Monawar Ahmad from the Bangladesh Agricultural University in Maimansingh .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Badrul Amin Bhuiya: Two new species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Bangladesh attacking Pulvinaria psidii Maskell (Homoptera: Coccidae) on guava . In: Oriental Insects 1998, Volume 32, No. 1, pp. 267-277, doi: 10.1080 / 00305316.1998.10433779 .
- ^ A b A. Rameshkumar, Janakiraman Poorani and V. Naveen: Additions to the Encyrtidae and Mymaridae (Chalcidoidea) of India with new distribution and host records for some species . In: Biodiversity Data Journal 2016, Volume 3, Article e5216, doi: 10.3897 / BDJ.3.e5216 .
- ↑ Yanzhou Zhang and Dawei Huang: A review and an illustrated key to genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from China ( Chinese : 中国 跳 小 蜂 科 (膜 翅 目: 小 蜂 总 科) 属 的 厘 订 及 分 属 检索表). Science Press, Beijing 2004, p. 87, ISBN 1-880132-96-6 (not viewed).