Party financing (Germany)
The party financing in Germany includes the income, expenditure and asset development of the political parties in Germany . Party funding is a political science term .
General
The legal regulations for the financing of political parties in Germany are set out in the Political Parties Act (PartG). The basis for the fact that parties are economically active on a larger scale and that the details are of interest to politics and the state is Article 21, Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law :
“The parties help shape the political will of the people. [...] They must give a public account of the origin and use of their funds as well as their assets. "
This results in the annual reports submitted by German political parties, which provide information on their income and expenditure as well as their assets. These reports are checked and published by the President of the Bundestag.
The aim of German legislation is to enable the parties to participate economically in the formation of political will. To this end, the parties' dependence on major external donors should be reduced or at least disclosed. At the same time, a financial dependence on the goodwill of the respective government should be avoided; Party and state finances should remain cleanly separated. As a typical optimization task , both are always only partially successful, and there are always financing scandals such as the “ flick affair ” and the “ black money affair ”.
It should be noted here that the “special contributions” (party taxes) of the elected officials and ministers , which should not be neglected , are not explicitly shown, but are booked partly as “contributions” and partly as “donations”. With the new version of the PartG in 2002, an obligation to show “ mandate holder contributions ” in the statement of accounts was introduced.
On the expenditure side, there are in particular expenses for personnel, for the offices, for internal party communication and for election campaigns.
Financing from membership fees
An important source of income for parties is the regular contribution payments made by party members. In the 2005 election year, membership fees contributed to over a quarter of the total income of the Bundestag parties.
Financing from party donations
In Germany, more than 15% of the parties are funded by party donations. Both natural and legal persons are allowed to donate an unlimited amount. Donations and contributions are tax-deductible to a certain extent, the parties also receive a state subsidy for donation income.
Financing from state funds
On the basis of the Political Parties Act ( Section 18 PartG), the parties receive state funds annually (formerly reimbursement of election campaign costs ). Their "rootedness in society", measured by the votes obtained in European, Bundestag and Landtag elections, as well as the sum of their ("self-generated") income from members and elected representatives, raised donations and assets is decisive for their amount.
The sum paid by the state to all parties was allowed to amount to a maximum of 150.8 million euros in 2012 as a so-called “absolute upper limit”. It has been adjusted annually since 2013. The adjustment is based on a price index of “expenses typical for a party”, 70% of which follows the general consumer price index and 30% of the development of salaries of employees of the local authorities ( Section 18 PPA). Before 2013, the absolute upper limit was adjusted irregularly due to changes in the law. In 2017 the upper limit was 161.8 million euros, in 2018 it was increased to 190.0 million euros.
However, according to Section 18 (5) of the PartG, a party receives a maximum of the sum of its self-generated income as party financing (“relative upper limit”); This cap affected the parties AfD , PIRATEN , NPD , Tierschutzpartei , Die PARTEI , BP , Graue Panther , pro NRW and Tierschutzallianz when determining the year 2016 .
The annual means of the individual parties are calculated as follows:
- € 0.83 annually for each valid vote cast for their respective list (second vote) or each valid vote cast for them in a constituency or constituency, if a list was not permitted for this party in a country. For the first 4 million votes, the value increases to € 1.00. The parties not admitted to a list in a country are entitled to funding provided they have achieved 10% of the valid votes cast in an electoral or constituency.
- an additional 0.45 € / year for every euro you have received as a donation (membership or mandate holder contributions as well as legally obtained donations). However, only donations of up to € 3,300 per natural person are taken into account.
In order to participate in the system of state partial financing, a party must have received at least 0.5% of the valid votes in the last federal or European elections or 1.0% of the valid votes in one of the last state elections ; The stated amounts will only be paid for election results above these hurdles (also for the proportion of votes that is below 0.5% or 1%). However, this restriction does not apply to parties of national minorities .
Indirect funding from government sources
Other government grants are not listed as party funding in the official sources, but experts believe they should be counted as such:
- Deputies: political parties often expect donations from their parliamentarians and municipal elected officials ; a share of at least 20% of the parties' own income can be assumed. The bulk of these so-called "party taxes" are paid by the members of local representative bodies (local councils, district assemblies).
- Grants to the political groups . They remain formally separate from the party budgets, but still finance activities from which the parties benefit outside of their parliamentary work. In 2012 they amounted to around 190 million euros.
- State support for party-affiliated foundations . After a decision by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1966 ("The permanent funding of the parties from state funds for their entire political activities is not in line with the [constitutional] model of the political party"), the parties represented in the Bundestag simply redirected the funds concerned to the foundations . The foundations now receive around three times as much funding as the parties themselves, with a strong upward trend; in 2011 about 423 million euros.
- Tax privileges for membership fees and donations: Taxpaying members and small donors actually pay just under half of their services, the greater part is taken over by the tax authorities, provided the taxpayer claims his payment and thereby effects a tax reduction.
- In addition to the MPs who are fed on diets , the parties sometimes also make decisions for other offices, for employment relationships and for high posts in administration and the judiciary. This enables them to provide for their own members in this way.
The ÖDP has been suing the Federal Constitutional Court since 2012 against the "covert party funding" through parliamentary group subsidies, members of parliament staff and support for foundations affiliated with the party, which had increased "exorbitantly" since the 1960s.
No funding from anti-constitutional parties
In the summer of 2017, Article 21, Paragraph 3 was added to the Basic Law, whereby anti-constitutional parties can be excluded from state funds and donations to such parties are then no longer tax-deductible. This regulation is primarily aimed at the NPD , which the Federal Constitutional Court ruled in early 2017 in a party ban proceedings that it was anti-constitutional, but that it did not have to be banned because it was insignificant in the political landscape. The exclusion from party financing must be determined by the Federal Constitutional Court in a corresponding procedure in accordance with Article 21, Paragraph 4 of the Basic Law.
On July 19, 2019, the Federal Ministry of the Interior announced that the Bundestag, Bundesrat and Federal Government had submitted a joint application in Karlsruhe to exclude the NPD from party funding.
Legislation development
The Political Parties Act of July 24, 1967 provided that the political parties were to be reimbursed for the “necessary costs of an appropriate election campaign” (Section 18 (1), first sentence, PartG 1967). For this purpose, DM 2.50 per person entitled to vote was made available, which was divided among the parties that had received at least 2.5% of the valid second votes according to the ratio of the second votes. With a judgment of December 3, 1968, the Federal Constitutional Court only objected to these regulations insofar as the quorum of 2.5% of the second votes was considered too high; in the opinion of the court, 0.5% was sufficient to prove the seriousness of the campaign efforts.
On the basis of the preparatory work of a commission of independent experts appointed by the Federal President, the reimbursement of election campaign costs was increased to DM 5.00 per person entitled to vote with effect from January 1, 1984, and the tax deductibility of contributions to political parties was also significantly improved. The preferential treatment of those receiving high incomes, however, was problematic with a view to the right of the citizen to equal participation in the formation of political will, since the Federal Constitutional Court had previously declared it inadmissible to set the amounts so high that taxpayers with high incomes were disproportionately stronger would benefit as taxpayers with lower incomes. For this reason, a so-called “equalization of opportunities” was provided in favor of the parties that had received at least 5% of the votes in the last Bundestag election (Section 22a PartG 1984). The “equalization of opportunities” envisaged granting all entitled parties in a computationally complicated procedure the “state share” in the waiver of taxes, which the party with the highest donations and contributions had achieved.
The Federal Constitutional Court nevertheless rejected the increased tax deductibility of party donations in its decision on these regulations of July 14, 1986. A “limitation of the deductibility of donations to political parties to a maximum amount that is the same for all taxpayers” was called for, as this is the only way to exclude individual citizens from gaining decisive influence over a party by virtue of state subsidies. The legislature therefore limited the tax deductibility of membership fees and donations in 1988. At the same time, with regard to the reimbursement of election campaign costs, a base amount was introduced in favor of parties that had received at least 2% of the valid second votes in a federal election. In addition to the flat rate for election campaign costs, they received a further 6% of the amount specified as flat rate for election campaign costs, which, however, was not allowed to exceed 80% of the respective share of the flat rate for election campaign costs.
The Federal Constitutional Court took this amendment to the law as an opportunity in a fundamental decision of April 9, 1992 to reject the previous legislative concept of state financing of parties altogether the allocation of funds to political parties whose success in efforts to obtain financial support from members or donors as well as their electoral success must be taken into account. The so-called “equalization of opportunities” also did not last. However, the Federal Constitutional Court now considered it permissible for the state to grant the parties funds to finance the activities generally incumbent on them under the Basic Law; This removed the restriction on reimbursement of election costs because the “general political activity of the parties ... outside of and during election campaigns is the same”. However, only partial state funding of the activities of the political parties was permitted, because the parties “had to remain dependent on the consent and support of the citizens not only politically, but also economically and organizationally”. A “relative upper limit” was derived from this, according to which state funds must not exceed the income generated by a party itself. In addition, an “absolute upper limit” was postulated, according to which the amount of the state funds flowing into the parties at the time could no longer be exceeded under the same conditions and subject to an adjustment to the inflation. Tax concessions from party donations were only seen as compatible with the citizen's right to equal participation in the formation of political will to the extent that they could be used by recipients of average incomes.
By law of January 28, 1994, the legislature then comprehensively revised the regulations on party financing and created a regulatory system that has remained essentially unchanged since then. The state partial financing is now determined on the one hand by the success in previous European, Bundestag and Landtag elections (election success-related funds) and on the other hand the sum of membership fees and raised donations (grant-related funds). Furthermore, the relative upper limit was introduced, whereby the amount of state part-financing of a party must not exceed the sum of its annual self-generated income, as well as an absolute upper limit of 230 million DM at the time, which has since been increased several times. In the meantime, both changes in the absolute upper limit and changes in the election success and grant-related amounts that are granted as part of the state funding are linked to a price index. In 2017 the absolute upper limit was € 161.8 million. The absolute upper limit for 2018 has been set at € 190.0 million.
In the summer of 2018, an amendment to Section 18 of the PartG increased the absolute upper limit to € 190 million from the setting to be made in 2019. After a resolution in the Bundestag with 371 to 285 votes on June 15, 2018, the participation of the Bundesrat took place on July 6, 2018, the execution by the Federal President on July 10, 2018 and the announcement in the Federal Law Gazette on July 13, 2018 . a. This is based on the fact that the parties have acquired new tasks in the form of the design of “interactive Internet presences” and the presence in social media as well as new forms of intra-party communication and decision-making. At the same time, the law raised the state benefits for constituency applicants under Section 49b of the Federal Election Act and for political associations under Section 28 of the European Election Act and linked it to future increases in the level of party funding. The members of the Bundestag parliamentary groups of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, Die Linke and the FDP oppose the increase in the absolute upper limit with a procedure of abstract norm review before the Federal Constitutional Court (file number 2 BvF 2/18).
Financing through economic activity
Through corporate activities and investments, parties also have the opportunity to generate profits. If you add the income from events, sales and other activities as well as income from renting houses or apartments or leasing land, the proportion of this income is around 7%.
It was permissible for a party to generate sales through sales activities and to allow these to be credited in full as gross income in order to increase the "relative upper limit". This resulted in higher government grants. For example, there were also proceeds from trading gold, income within the meaning of the Political Parties Act. At the beginning of 2016, an amendment to the Political Parties Act came into force, which retrospectively only counts profits for 2015 (i.e. income minus expenses).
statistics
revenue
| revenue | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | The left | CSU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| from membership fees | 41,626 (28.13%) |
46,651 (27.86%) |
7,181 (22.49%) |
5,666 (20.7%) |
9,873 (39.2%) |
9,564 (18.93%) |
| from mandate holder contributions and other regular income |
18,072 (12.21%) |
22,183 (13.24%) |
2,332 (7.31%) |
5,530 (20.21%) |
2,385 (9.47%) |
3,314 (6.56%) |
|
from donations from natural persons |
13,586 (9.18%) |
10,328 (6.17%) |
6,442 (20.18%) |
3,417 (12.48%) |
2,148 (8.53%) |
11,120 (22.01%) |
|
from donations from legal entities |
7,526 (5.09%) |
2,668 (1.59%) |
2,687 (8.42%) |
491 (1.80%) |
109 (0.43%) |
6,389 (12.65%) |
| from corporate activities and investments |
0 (0.00%) |
11,906 (7.11%) |
93 (0.29%) |
1 (0.01%) |
0 (0%) |
234 (0.46%) |
| from events, sales and other activities |
15,741 (10.64%) |
14,228 (8.49%) |
2,388 (7.48%) |
713 (2.61%) |
189 (0.76%) |
7,392 (14.63%) |
| from state funds | 43,593 (29.46%) |
43,488 (25.96%) |
10,138 (31.76%) |
10,209 (37.3%) |
9,465 (37.59%) |
11,280 (22.33%) |
| from other property | 6,982 (4.72%) |
10,687 (6.38%) |
446 (1.40%) |
481 (1.76%) |
484 (1.92%) |
1,007 (1.99%) |
| from other income | 849 (0.57%) |
5,367 (3.20%) |
215 (0.67%) |
860 (3.14%) |
528 (2.10%) |
217 (0.44%) |
| Total revenue | 147,979 (100%) |
167,508 (100%) |
31,925 (100%) |
27,372 (100%) |
25,184 (100%) |
50,522 (100%) |
expenditure
| expenditure | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | The left | CSU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personnel expenses | 41,650 (31.77%) |
45,751 (29.96%) |
4,220 (14.45%) |
8,695 (33.97%) |
8,579 (37.32%) |
9,684 (15.23%) |
| Ongoing business | 29,397 (22.42%) |
28,860 (18.91%) |
8,396 (28.76%) |
4,920 (19.23%) |
4,164 (18.12%) |
7,634 (12.00%) |
| General political work | 35,716 (27.24%) |
33,910 (22.22%) |
8,396 (28.76%) |
6,222 (24.32%) |
6,624 (28.82%) |
14,559 (22.89%) |
| Election campaigns | 19,655 (14.99%) |
26,450 (17.33%) |
6,143 (21.04%) |
5,157 (20.16%) |
3,110 (13.53%) |
31,099 (48.89%) |
| Expenses for asset management including the resulting interest |
2,455 (1.87%) |
16,499 (10.81%) |
237 (0.81%) |
410 (1.61%) |
144 (0.63%) |
0 (0%) |
| Other interest | 465 (0.36%) |
913 (0.60%) |
1,319 (4.52%) |
4 (0.02%) |
4 (0.02%) |
439 (0.69%) |
| Other expenses | 1,764 (1.35%) |
257 (0.17%) |
68 (0.23%) |
175 (0.69%) |
359 (1.56%) |
189 (0.3%) |
| Total expenditure | 131,106 (100%) |
152,644 (100%) |
29,199 (100%) |
25,587 (100%) |
22,988 (100%) |
63,607 (100%) |
| excess | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | The left | CSU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excess | 16,872 | 14,864 | 2,726 | 1,784 | 2,196 | minus13,084 |
| Holdings | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | The left | CSU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House and real estate | 51,188 | 112.384 | 2,948 | 10,631 | 4,847 | 10,053 |
| Office equipment | 2,238 | 9,800 | 1,942 | 1,111 | 210 | 487 |
| Investments in companies | 1,470 | 10,019 | 7,870 | 10 | 2.211 | 460 |
| Other financial assets | 11,280 | 27,386 | 2,478 | 342 | 4.214 | 1.405 |
| Demands on outlines | 0 | 25,055 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Receivables from the state partial financing |
0 | 169 | 173 | 193 | 379 | 972 |
| Holdings of money | 112,428 | 102,312 | 11,252 | 19,983 | 12,722 | 32,018 |
| Other assets | 3,268 | 11,458 | 3,484 | 1,205 | 1,680 | 848 |
| Total ownership item | 181,875 | 298,586 | 30,150 | 33,478 | 26,265 | 46,246 |
| Debit items | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | The left | CSU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pension obligations | 996 | 1,446 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9,582 |
| Other provisions | 4,084 | 11,360 | 2,726 | 306 | 577 | 1,052 |
| Liabilities to classifications |
0 | 24,827 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Repayment obligations from the state partial financing |
771 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 14th |
| Liabilities to banks | 37,260 | 58,618 | 12,403 | 5,352 | 26th | 7,646 |
| Liabilities to other lenders | 1,116 | 7,343 | 6,196 | 41 | 79 | 376 |
| Other liabilities | 6.119 | 5,353 | 1,509 | 945 | 381 | 781 |
| Joint Debt | 50,348 | 108,949 | 22,838 | 6,645 | 1,065 | 19,453 |
| Net worth | CDU | SPD | FDP | Green | The left | CSU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| capital | 131,526 | 189,637 | 7,311 | 26,833 | 25,200 | 26,792 |
From the 2013 annual reports
| revenue | B'90 / 'Greens | CDU | CSU | CDU + CSU | The left | FDP | SPD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total income in thousands of euros | 40,154 (100%) |
151,101 (100%) |
47,618 (100%) |
198,719 (100%) |
27,582 (100%) |
33,326 (100%) |
164,558 (100%) |
| Membership fees | 21.73% | 25.64% | 21.03% | 24.54% | 33.19% | 19.70% | 30.12% |
| Elected officials and similar | 22.39% | 11.60% | 6.67% | 10.42% | 12.97% | 8.39% | 14.35% |
| State funds | 37.50% | 31.80% | 25.22% | 30.22% | 40.40% | 31.53% | 29.11% |
| Donations from nat. people | 10.67% | 13.28% | 17.97% | 14.40% | 9.01% | 21.61% | 7.33% |
| Donations from jur. people | 1.74% | 7.11% | 12.77% | 8.47% | 0.31% | 11.10% | 1.77% |
| Total donations | 12.40% | 20.39% | 30.74% | 22.87% | 7.94% | 32.71% | 9.09% |
| from entrepreneurship and participation. | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.44% | 1.95% |
| from events, ... | 2.10% | 7.74% | 15.39% | 9.57% | 0.89% | 5.42% | 5.52% |
| from other property | 0.37% | 1.86% | 0.53% | 1.54% | 0.61% | 1.38% | 9.27% |
| from other sources | 3.51% | 0.98% | 0.42% | 0.84% | 2.63% | 0.42% | 0.58% |
From the 2015 annual reports
| revenue | B'90 / 'Greens | CDU | CSU | CDU + CSU | The left | SPD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total income in thousands of euros | 39,997 (100%) |
143,362 (100%) |
59,076 (100%) |
202,438 (100%) |
27,945 (100%) |
156,841 (100%) |
| Membership fees | 22.15% | 26.67% | 16.57% | 23.72% | 33.47% | 31.62% |
| Elected officials and similar | 24.08% | 13.00% | 6.11% | 10.99% | 15.88% | 16.21% |
| State funds | 37.75% | 34.36% | 22.71% | 30.96% | 39.22% | 31.93% |
| Donations from nat. people | 9.03% | 9.29% | 6.40% | 8.45% | 6.80% | 5.12% |
| Donations from jur. people | 1.45% | 4.46% | 3.71% | 4.24% | 0.01% | 1.15% |
| Total donations | 10.49% | 13.75% | 10.10% | 12.68% | 7.84% | 6.26% |
| from entrepreneurship and participation. | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1.39% |
| from events, ... | 1.63% | 8.61% | 10.88% | 9.27% | 0.90% | 7.87% |
| from other property | 0.31% | 2.94% | 31.62% | 11.31% | 0.42% | 4.34% |
| from other sources | 3.59% | 0.68% | 2.00% | 1.06% | 3.30% | 0.37% |
Fixed funds (= partial state funding)
| Political party | Medium 2019
in € |
Mean 2018 in
€ |
Mean 2017 in
€ |
Mean 2016 in
€ |
Mean 2015 in
€ |
2014 mean in
€ |
Mean 2013 in
€ |
Middle 2012 in
€ |
Middle 2011 in
€ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPD | 55,714,336.85 | 56,429,253.11 | 49,210,195.78 | 50,785,067.80 | 50,081,283.54 | 48,648,864.36 | 47,898,405.53 | 45,585,641.47 | 42,407,424.88 |
| CDU | 54,018,918.68 | 55,801,056.63 | 48,361,704.25 | 49,503,883.38 | 49,264,633.73 | 47,889,305.99 | 48,051,765.29 | 46,435,135.82 | 44,641,547.45 |
| GREEN | 23,988,901.93 | 19,134,795.18 | 15,819,010.95 | 15,845,658.16 | 15,098,449.68 | 14,818,219.44 | 15,056,822.65 | 15,154,545.27 | 13,814,822.36 |
| FDP | 15,418,984.82 | 14,973,303.28 | 11,746,087.12 | 9,206,272.05 | 8,863,158.61 | 9,200,718.84 | 10,507,574.08 | 14,072,257.67 | 13,588,556.74 |
| The left | 14,393,277.09 | 14,330,738.45 | 12,200,789.91 | 11,521,251.29 | 10,959,390.60 | 10,714,544.56 | 11,142,415.75 | 12,252,446.85 | 12,130,761.23 |
| CSU | 14,695,344.40 | 13,653,395.98 | 11,779,090.46 | 12,096,234.51 | 13,416,265.37 | 12,697,267.97 | 12,008,720.44 | 11,302,359.01 | 10,411,577.43 |
| AfD | 10,203,583.65 | 10,035,119.98 | 7,548,879.14 | 6,132,479.13 | 5,210,508.91 | 5,411,149.11 | 1,856,307.35 | -, - | -, - |
| FW Free Voters | 1,740,183.48 | 2,245,449.89 | 1,649,478.31 | 1,623,945.62 | 1,033,358.17 | 1,648,632.32 | 692,812.30 | 584,830.77 | 145,760.72 |
| ÖDP | 1,264,387.59 | 946,004.64 | 782,266.33 | 793,192.51 | 888,337.88 | 841,543.72 | 662,752.36 | 646,845.34 | 732,948.94 |
| NPD | 407,038.23 | 873,014.68 | 852,333.72 | 1,137,520.67 | 1,317,508.41 | 1,415,502.86 | 1,253,278.41 | 1,435,934.96 | 1,323,547.81 |
| Pirate party | 486,780.47 | 574,407.93 | 727,530.89 | 809,657.85 | 919,460.76 | 1,618,629.48 | 1,738,450.70 | 792,487.67 | 578,219.55 |
| THE PARTY | 381,674.06 | 336,401.33 | 193,095.03 | 131,074.95 | 183,453.79 | 56,444.04 | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| Bavaria Party | 214,005.43 | 198,407.99 | 157,262.36 | 178,766.81 | 176,140.12 | 174,186.86 | 160,899.72 | 105,396.86 | 110,099.80 |
| Animal welfare party | 114,268.32 | 149,948.74 | 138,216.09 | 123,563.34 | 152,681.70 | 158,016.68 | 129,647.18 | 137,066.95 | 131,280.19 |
| SSW | 92,584.36 | 87,304.75 | 75,872.11 | 83,142.70 | 80,002.39 | 81,107.99 | 85,306.97 | 81,776.11 | 83,410.20 |
| FAMILY | 53,527.53 | 66,753.83 | 173,890.68 | 182,931.88 | 183,052.64 | 133,765.01 | 162,009.96 | 127,385.90 | 121,083.14 |
| BVB / FREE VOTERS | 101,239.04 | 61,237.07 | 65,136.27 | 73,277.38 | 89,462.81 | 51,241.32 | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| LKR | 147,536.43 | 53,605.53 | 288,470.24 | 171,989.71 | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| Gray panthers | 36,887.12 | 33,791.30 | 25,503.42 | 15,679.62 | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| Animal Welfare Alliance | 19,427.18 | 16,009.71 | 8,703.94 | 2,594.68 | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| volt | 51,735.08 | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| per NRW | -, - | -, - | -, - | 101,178.96 | 129,060.12 | 128,385.60 | 129,840.61 | 117,806.26 | 126,728.08 |
| REP | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | 1,160,321.02 | 995,238.26 | 1,633,699.66 | 1,679,430.95 | 1,424,273.83 |
| per Germany | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | 38,869.75 | 54,834.59 | 49,310.23 | 61,221.50 | 35,000.45 |
| Free voters Thuringia | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | 45,282.92 | 29,339.02 | 30,633.14 |
| PENSIONER | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | 177,773.65 | 12,872.73 | |
| Free Saxons | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | 26,252.15 |
| FW Schleswig-Holstein | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | 17,150.98 |
| Absolute upper limit | 193,610,000.00 | 190,000,000.00 | 161,803,517 | 160,519,363 | 159.245.400 | 156.737.599 | 154.117.600 | 150,800,000 | 141,900,000 |
| Political party | Average 2010 in € | Average 2009 in € | Average 2008 in € | Average 2007 in € | Average 2006 in € |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU | 42,882,008.71 | 41,904,622.21 | 43,593,639.91 | 44,790,190.59 | 44,591,403.49 |
| SPD | 38,965,287.35 | 39,638,031.82 | 43,488,488.95 | 43,475,249.30 | 42,903,568.04 |
| FDP | 13,400,199.14 | 12,644,362.39 | 10,138,015.16 | 9,989,233.49 | 9,872,067.82 |
| GREEN | 11,412,381.30 | 11,095,609.86 | 10,209,852.21 | 10,079,693.14 | 9,910,264.48 |
| The left | 10,832,836.92 | 10,706,075.48 | 9,465,698.47 | 9,086,679.22 | 8,548,935.61 |
| CSU | 9,607,367.14 | 11,708,782.45 | 11,280,535.48 | 10,711,703.75 | 10,781,099.75 |
| REP | 1,337,163.79 | 1,190,574.62 | 1,391,017.93 | 1,394,576.23 | 1,283,921.02 |
| NPD | 1,176,446.52 | 1,193,653.77 | 1,496,824.39 | 1,448,519.55 | 1,376,678.48 |
| ÖDP | 702,476.22 | 704,192.20 | 589,886.38 | 565,493.29 | 621,226.24 |
| Pirate party | 585,162.46 | 31,504.68 | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| FAMILY | 175,262.85 | -, - | 239,874.04 | 198,477.29 | 182,861.67 |
| Bavaria Party | 112,122.31 | 102,728.78 | 65,481.20 | -, - | -, - |
| DVU | 108,612.40 | 155,777.84 | 226,819.35 | 225,763.75 | 231,971.94 |
| Animal welfare party | 100,417.12 | 79,964.02 | 66,532.34 | 76,924.27 | 78,924.31 |
| per NRW | 88,890.25 | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| FW Free Voters | 79,850.41 | 79,850.41 | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| SSW | 73,686.21 | 74,229.61 | 61,047.01 | 59,934.41 | 60,497.94 |
| Free voters Thuringia | 50,666.39 | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| Free Saxons | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | |
| PENSIONER | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - | -, - |
| parents | -, - | -, - | 76,486.94 | 77,708.67 | 7,249.50 |
| THE WOMEN | -, - | -, - | 22,993.90 | 20,827.68 | 28,249.33 |
| 50+ | -, - | -, - | 17,266.96 | 15,645.22 | 5,937.50 |
| GRAY | -, - | -, - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1,344,248.80 |
| From now… | -, - | -, - | -, - | 30,324.25 | 34,172.45 |
| Per DM | -, - | -, - | -, - | 24,005.88 | 33,368.09 |
| WASG | -, - | -, - | -, - | 0.00 | 543,584.82 |
| Offensive D | -, - | -, - | -, - | 0.00 | 74,544.80 |
| Absolute upper limit | 133,000,000 | 133,000,000 | 133,000,000 | 133,000,000 | 133,000,000 |
Together for Brandenburg: Free voters : The list association was founded in 2009. Claims to state partial funding under the PartG that it asserted were rejected by the agency that administers the funds. This legal opinion was confirmed by the Berlin Administrative Court. However, the judgment was not yet final at the time it was determined.
literature
- Uwe Schleth: Party finances. A study of the costs and financing of party activities, their political problems and the possibilities of reform . Meisenheim am Glan 1973.
- Christine Landfried: Party Finances and Political Power . Baden-Baden 1994.
- Rolf Ebbinghausen: The costs of party democracy. Studies and materials on a balance sheet of state party financing in the Federal Republic of Germany . Opladen 1996.
- Friedhelm Boyken: The new party funding. Decision-making process analysis and impact monitoring . Baden-Baden 1998.
- Karl-Heinz Adams: Party Financing in Germany . Marburg 2005.
- Arne Krumbholz: Financing and accounting for political parties and their environment . Baden-Baden 2010.
Web links
- List of references for the annual reports on the website of the German Bundestag
- Information on party funding from the Federal Agency for Political Education
- www.parteispenden.unklarheiten.de: Database project on party financing and large donations with statistical evaluations
- Federal Returning Officer: State funding of the parties
- Donations from legal entities 2009 - Summary of the annual reports of the five parties in the Bundestag (PDF; 14.9 MB) on Abestag's watch
- German Bundestag: State party funding (PDF)
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ State party funding. Upper limits. (No longer available online.) German Bundestag, August 23, 2011, archived from the original on March 12, 2012 ; Retrieved June 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Heinrich Pehle: The financing of the parties in Germany . Federal Agency for Civic Education, March 14, 2018
- ↑ a b Determination of state funds for the year 2018. In: www.bundestag.de. April 15, 2019, accessed June 8, 2019 .
- ↑ a b German Bundestag: Determination of state funds for 2016 , published as of March 17, 2017, p. 3
- ↑ a b c d Elmar Wiesendahl: Parties. Frankfurt am Main, 2006. pp. 112-116. Quoted by Armin, Ebbighausen
- ^ A b Hans Herbert von Arnim : Covered party financing
- ↑ BVerfG, judgment of July 19, 1966, Az. 2 BvF 1/65, BVerfGE 20, 56 - party financing I.
- ↑ Bundesrechnungshof : Comments 2012 on the budget and economic management of the federal government ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.9 MB)
- ^ Request for exclusion of the NPD from state party funding
- ↑ BGBl. I 1967, p. 773
- ↑ BVerfGE 24, 300 (342)
- ↑ BVerfGE 52, 63 (91)
- ↑ a b BVerfGE 73, 40 (84)
- ↑ BVerfGE 85, 264 (283 f.)
- ↑ BVerfGE 85, 264 (285)
- ↑ BVerfGE 85, 264 (287)
- ↑ BVerfGE 85, 264 (289)
- ↑ BVerfGE 85, 264 (291)
- ↑ BT-Drs. 18/12303 BC May 8, 2017
- ↑ BGBl. I p. 1116
- ↑ BT-Drs. 19/2509
- ↑ AfD-Goldhandel: Lammert recommends changes to the political party law ( memento of the original from November 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , November 21, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f Annual reports 2008 of the parties represented in the Bundestag, BT Drucksache 17/630 (PDF; 28.5 MB)
- ↑ Announcement of statements of accounts by political parties for the 2013 calendar year (1st part - Bundestag parties). (PDF) In: BT Drucksache 18/4300. German Bundestag, March 11, 2015, accessed on July 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Announcement of the statements of accounts of political parties for the 2014 calendar year (Part 2 - Other entitled parties). (PDF) In: BT Drucksache 18/8475. German Bundestag, May 13, 2016, accessed on July 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Announcement of the statements of accounts of political parties for the calendar year 2015 (1st part - Bundestag parties). (PDF) In: BT Drucksache 18/12720. German Bundestag, May 29, 2017, accessed on July 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Determination of state funds for 2019. German Bundestag, accessed on July 29, 2020 .
- ↑ Determination of state funds for 2017. German Bundestag, February 22, 2018, accessed on March 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Determination of state funds for 2015 from January 21, 2016. Accessed April 25, 2016.
- ↑ Determination of state funds for the year 2014 from January 29, 2015. Accessed April 1, 2015.
- ↑ Determination of state funds for the year 2013 from February 21, 2014. Accessed July 8, 2014.
- ↑ Determination of January 30, 2013 ( Memento of March 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 149 kB)
- ↑ a b c d e f The claim of the party is acc. Section 19a (5) of the PartG is limited to the sum of self-generated income ("relative upper limit", cf. Section 18 (5) of the PartG).
- ↑ a b c d e f Bundestag - party financing: ( Memento from March 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 149 kB) According to Section 19a, Paragraph 5 of the PartG, the party's claim is limited to the sum of self-generated income (“relative Upper limit ", see § 18 Abs. 5 PPA).
- ↑ By December 31, 2013, the Animal Welfare Party had not submitted an annual report for 2012 that complies with the provisions of Section 5 of the PartG. For this reason, it has already lost the grant for 2012 (Section 19a, Paragraph 3, Clause 3 of the PartG). The party retains its share of the vote if it submits its annual report by December 31, 2014 (Section 19a (3), fourth sentence, PartG). The Animal Welfare Party fulfilled the latter condition by submitting its report on January 13, 2014; a determination on the basis of the share of the vote was thus possible.
- ↑ a b The party has lost the entitlement to the grant because as of December 31, 2016, it has not submitted an annual report that meets the requirements of Section 19a (3) sentence 5 of the PartG.
- ↑ The share of the votes must be reserved for the family party in order to enable it to be determined when the 2016 annual report is submitted.
- ↑ On June 30, 2013 there was a merger of the FREIE VOTERS Thuringia with the federal association FREIE VOTERS. In this way, the votes are assigned to the voting account of the Federal Association of FREE VOTERS. However, since no (partial) report of the FREIE VÄHLER Thuringia has yet been submitted, the votes for the state elections in Thuringia 2014 could not (yet) be taken into account.
- ↑ By December 31, 2013, the RENTNER had not submitted an annual report for 2012 that complies with the provisions of the fifth section of the PartG. For this reason, they have already lost their share of the grant for 2012 (Section 19a, Paragraph 3, Sentence 3, PartG). The party retains its share of the vote if it submits its annual report by December 31, 2014 (Section 19a (3), fourth sentence, PartG).
- ↑ By December 31, 2013, the Free Saxons had not submitted an annual report for 2012 that complies with the provisions of Section 5 of the PartG. For this reason, they have already lost their share of the grant for 2012 (Section 19a, Paragraph 3, Sentence 3, PartG). The party retains its share of the vote if it submits its annual report by December 31, 2014 (Section 19a (3), fourth sentence, PartG).
- ^ Information from the President of the German Bundestag. Report of the Federal Statistical Office in accordance with Section 18 (2) Clause 4 of the Political Parties Act on the development of the price index of typical expenditures for a party (party index) for 2016. Publication of the total of the absolute upper limit for the State partial funding of political parties for 2017 (Section 18 (2) sentence 5 of the Political Parties Act)
- ^ The parties Die Linke. and WASG merged in 2007. The votes to be taken into account and the contributions from both parties were added. (PDF; 1.7 MB)
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 371 kB) A procedure according to § 23a Abs. 2 PartG was initiated against the party . The state funds for this party are therefore only provisionally set in accordance with Section 19a, Paragraph 1, Clause 3 of the PartG and are paid out in return for security in the amount of the party's possible payment obligations ( Section 31a to Section 31c of the PartG).
- ↑ a b c d e Bundestag - party funding: (PDF; 190 kB) The party's entitlement is limited to the sum of self-generated income in accordance with Section 19a (5) of the PartG ("relative upper limit", cf. Section 18 (5) of the PartG) .
- ↑ a b Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 272 kB) The party's entitlement is limited to the sum of self-generated income in accordance with Section 19a (5) of the PartG (“relative upper limit”, cf. Section 18 (5) of the PartG).
- ↑ a b Bundestag - party funding: (PDF; 272 kB) The party has not yet submitted an annual report for the year 2008, so that according to Section 19a, Paragraph 1, Clause 2 of the PartG as of February 15, 2010, no state funds may be set for them. Regardless of this, the party has already finally lost the grant-related entitlement to state funds for 2009 as a result of the late submission of the statement of accounts for the year 2008 in accordance with Section 19a (3) sentence 3 of the PartG.
- ↑ a b c Bundestag - party funding: (PDF; 371 kB) The party's claim is limited to the sum of self-generated income in accordance with Section 19a (5) of the PartG (“relative upper limit”, cf. Section 18 (5) of the PartG).
- ↑ - Party financing: (PDF; 1.7 MB) The party submitted its statement of accounts for the year 2006 only after December 31, 2007, so that, according to Section 19a, Paragraph 3, Clause 3 of the PartG, it finally has the right to state subsidies Has lost funds for 2007. The donation statement is therefore set to “0.00 €”. According to Section 19a (5) of the PartG, the party's claim is limited to the sum of the income generated by the party itself (“relative upper limit”, see Section 18 (5) of the PartG).
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 371 kB) The Bavarian party (BP) has been participating in the state partial financing since the state election in Bavaria on September 28, 2008.
- ↑ a b c Bundestag - party funding: (PDF; 1.7 MB) The party's entitlement is limited to the sum of self-generated income in accordance with Section 19a (5) of the PartG ("relative upper limit", see Section 18 (5) of the PartG) .
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 272 kB) The party was founded in 2009. It takes part in the state partial financing for the year 2009 with only the share of the vote in accordance with its income, which determines the relative upper limit, in 2009.
- ↑ a b The Free Voters of Thuringia and the Free Saxony have not yet submitted an accountability report for the year 2008, so that according to Section 19a, Paragraph 1, Clause 2 of the PartG as of February 15, 2010, no state funds may be set for them. Regardless of this, the parties have already finally lost their entitlement to state funds for 2009 as a result of the late submission of the statement of accounts for the year 2008 in accordance with Section 19a (3) sentence 3 of the PartG. Determination of state funds for 2009. (PDF; 272 kB)
- ↑ For the Free Voters of Thuringia , for whom € 18,651.55 was set in 2004, no state funds could be set in 2005 and 2006 in accordance with Section 19a, Paragraph 3, Clause 3 of the PartG, because they did not submit their accounts for 2004 and 2005 on time. Source: German Bundestag, Administration, Unit PM 3 (party financing), communication of January 26, 2007.
- ↑ The party has not submitted an annual report for the year 2009, so that in accordance with Section 19 (1) sentence 2 of the PartG as of February 15, 2011, no state funds may be set for them. Regardless of this, the party has already finally lost the grant-related entitlement to state funds for 2010 as a result of the late submission of the statement of accounts for the year 2009 in accordance with Section 19a (3) sentence 3 of the PartG.
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 371 kB) A procedure according to § 23a Abs. 2 PartG was initiated against the party . The state funds for this party are therefore only provisionally set in accordance with Section 19a, Paragraph 1, Clause 3 of the PartG and are paid out in return for security in the amount of the party's possible payment obligations ( Section 31a to Section 31c of the PartG). The party has not yet submitted an annual report for the year 2007, so that according to Section 19a (1) sentence 2 PartG as of February 15, 2009, no state funds may be set for them. Irrespective of this, the party has already finally lost the grant-related entitlement to state funds for the year 2008 as a result of the late submission of the statement of accounts for the year 2007 in accordance with Section 19a (3) sentence 3 of the PartG.
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 1.7 MB) The party has not yet submitted an annual report for the year 2006, so that according to Section 19a, Paragraph 1, Clause 2 of the PartG as of February 15, 2008, no state funds may be set for it.
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 1.7 MB) The parties Die Linke. and WASG merged in 2007. Any votes to be taken into account and the contributions from both parties were added.
- ↑ Bundestag - party financing: (PDF; 1.7 MB) The party has not yet submitted an annual report for the year 2006, so that according to Section 19a, Paragraph 1, Clause 2 of the PartG as of February 15, 2008, no state funds may be set for it. The party disbanded on October 29, 2007. Pursuant to Section 18 (8) of the PartG, it will be withdrawn from the state partial financing from the time of dissolution. The voting share of € 34,290.70, which is to be taken as a basis, is limited to 299 of the 361 days to be taken as a basis (full months of 30 days, started months to the exact day) and is therefore € 28,401.44.
- ^ Information from the President of the German Bundestag. Report of the Federal Statistical Office in accordance with Section 18 (2) Clause 4 of the Political Parties Act on the development of the price index of typical expenditures for a party (party index) for 2016. Publication of the total of the absolute upper limit for the State partial funding of political parties for 2017 (Section 18 (2) sentence 5 of the Political Parties Act)
- ^ Announcement from the President of the Bundestag on the determination of state funds for 2010 (PDF; 190 kB).
