Partium
The partium , derived from the Latin partium regni Hungariae (German: "from parts of the Kingdom of Hungary"), is a collective geographical name for the Central Eastern Hungarian counties ( counties ) on the other side of the Tisza , which came under the sovereignty of the Transylvanian princes in the 16th century. Today the Partium includes roughly the territory of the Romanian districts of Maramureș , Satu Mare , Sălaj , Bihor and Arad, as well as the Hungarian areas east of the Tisza.
history
After the final occupation of central Hungary by the Ottoman Empire (now "Hungaria turca" with the administrative center of Ofen (Buda) ), the area of the Partium was continued by the Transylvanian "antagonist" to the Habsburgs in Hungary, Johann Zápolya, with the consent of Sultan Suleyman I. , ruled. His son Johann II. Put down the Hungarian royal title in 1570 on the basis of the Treaty of Speyer with Emperor Maximilian II and now called himself Johann Sigismund " Transilvaniae et partium regni Hungariae princeps " (Prince of Transylvania and parts of the Kingdom of Hungary). Partium was used as a geographical term to delimit this part of the country from historical Transylvania, which only formally became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again in 1867 .
The counties at that time that belonged to the Partium according to the Treaty of Speyer (August 16, 1570 ) were:
- Máramaros (Marmarosch, with the Hust Fortress )
- Bihar (with the fortress Wardein ; conquered by the Ottomans in 1664 except for a small northern and eastern part)
- Közép-Szolnok (Middle-Sollnok, with the rule of Cseh , part of the later Szilágy county )
- Kraszna (part of the later Szilágy county)
Not explicitly mentioned in the Speyer Treaty, but also part of the part:
- the rule of Kővár (Kővárvidék) (near Nagysomkút )
- the eastern part of Zaránd county
- a small, eastern part of Arad County (conquered by the Ottomans 1606–1645)
- the Lugosch - Caransebes Banat in Krassó-Szörény County (conquered by the Ottomans in 1664)
After the Austrian conquest of Transylvania and the occupied parts of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire (sealed in the Treaty of Karlowitz , 1699), the counties of Közép-Szolnok and Kraszna, the district of Kővár and the eastern part of the county of Zaránd became part of the Habsburg Principality, and from 1765 the Grand Duchy of Transylvania .
After the end of the First World War , the area was largely occupied by Romania , to which it has formally belonged since the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 (apart from the westernmost edge of Bihar and Szatmár counties). As a result of the Second Vienna Arbitral Award, the northern half of the Partium belonging to Romania fell back to Hungary in 1940; With the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 , the decisions of the Vienna arbitration were annulled and the area came back to Romania.
swell
- Béla Köpeczi (Ed.): Brief history of Transylvania ("Erdély rövid története"), Akademie-Verlag, Budapest 1990, ISBN 963-05-5667-7 ( also available online )
- Treaty of Speyer, 1570
Footnotes
- ↑ In the Latin title partium is the genitive plural of the word pars (= part) and therefore means "from parts"
- ↑ The contract also contained the clause: If the prince conquers territories on the other side of the Tisza from the Ottoman Empire, they become his property .
