Paul Heinrich von Groth

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Paul Heinrich von Groth

Paul Heinrich Groth , from 1902 Ritter von Groth , (born June 23, 1843 in Magdeburg , † December 2, 1927 in Munich ) was a German mineralogist .

Life

The son of the portrait painter Philipp Groth (* 1808), who worked in Dresden and Magdeburg, studied at the Bergakademie Freiberg , where he joined the Corps Saxo-Borussia . on. He then moved to the Polytechnic School in Dresden and from 1865 to the University of Berlin , to the physicist Heinrich Gustav Magnus and the mineralogist Gustav Rose . In 1868 he did his doctorate under Magnus and completed his habilitation after two years as an assistant. In 1871 he received a position as a permanent lecturer at the Bergakademie in Freiberg; In 1872 he became professor of mineralogy at the University of Strasbourg . From 1883 he was professor of mineralogy and curator of the Mineralogical State Collection in Munich as well as full professor at the so-called "Second Philosophical Faculty", Chemical Institute, University of Munich. In 1891 he was appointed senator; In 1908 the title and rank of Privy Councilor and Royal Councilor were conferred.

Groth conducted extensive research on crystals, minerals, and stones. As a student, he discovered a sodium-containing titanite in the Syenite des Plauenschen Grund near Dresden in 1866 , which was named "Grothite" after him. From 1874 to 1898 his tabular overview of simple minerals and from 1876 to 1895 his physical crystallography appeared . For several years Groth published the journal for crystallography and mineralogy . In 1902 he was ennobled and in 1908 he was awarded the Wollaston Medal . In May 1918 he was made an honorary member of the German Chemical Society . In 1923 he became an honorary member of the Upper Rhine Geological Association . In 1926 his history of the development of mineralogical sciences was published .

From 1883 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg ; from 1925 he was an honorary member, from 1885 a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , from 1905 of the National Academy of Sciences . In 1905 he also became an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .

When he retired in 1924, there was a scandal in Munich about his successor of Jewish origin, Victor Moritz Goldschmidt from Oslo, proposed by himself and by the chemist Richard Willstätter . The majority of the faculty rejected this for anti-Semitic reasons. That was a reason for Willstätter to submit his resignation. His students made a solidarity campaign in vain to keep him, and the doctors Ferdinand Sauerbruch , Friedrich von Müller and Rudolf Nissen were also involved. In vain, Willstätter's realism won. Nissen states that this decision made it easier for him to perceive the clout of academic anti-Semitism as a threat to life in 1933 and to go to Turkey .

In 1874 Groth married Rosalie Maria Levy (1846–1925), daughter of the Jewish merchant Julius Levy, who had converted to the Protestant denomination and from 1868 called herself Grothold. The marriage resulted in five sons and six daughters, among them Helene (1870-1960), deaconess and, before the First World War, director of a hospital in Tokyo, Otto Groth , editor and publicist, as well as the vaccinator and medical advisor Alfred Groth (1876-1971 ). In 1892 Groth acquired the house at Kaulbachstrasse. 62 in Munich-Schwabing , which he lived in until his death. Towards the end of his life he had an operation on a star that almost led to blindness. After his recovery, his last work was an autobiography. Until his death in the early hours of December 2, 1927, he was looked after by his daughter Helene. His grave is in the Munich North Cemetery .

Portrait

  • Oil painting by Eduard von Grützner , 1904: Munich, Institute for Crystallography and Mineralogy of the University.

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • Tabular overview of the minerals arranged according to their crystallographic-chemical relationships . Braunschweig 1874 (3rd edition 1889).
  • About studying mineralogy at German universities. Strasbourg and London 1875.
  • Physical crystallography . W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1876 (2nd edition 1885; 4th edition 1905).
  • The gneiss area of ​​Markirch in Upper Alsace . Schultz, Strasbourg 1877.
  • The mineral collection of the Kaiser Wilhelms University of Strasbourg . Trübner, Strasbourg and London 1878.
  • Grundriß der Edelsteinkunde, a generally understandable guide for determining and differentiating between raw and cut gemstones. Engelmann, Leipzig 1887.
  • On the molecular nature of the crystals. Speech held at the public meeting of the KB Academy of Sciences in Munich to celebrate the one hundred and twenty-ninth foundation days on March 28, 1888. Publishing house of the KB Academy of Sciences, Munich 1888.
  • Guide through the mineral collection of the Bavarian State in the building of the Kgl. Academy of Sciences (Wilhelminum) in Munich from the Conservator of the P. Groth Collection. Publishing house of the KB Academy of Sciences, Munich 1891.
  • Overview table of the 32 divisions of the crystal forms. With explanations, examples and graphics based on Gadolin. Engelmann, Leipzig 1892.
  • Introduction to chemical crystallography. Engelmann, Leipzig 1904.
  • Topographical overview of the mineral deposits. Krahmann, Berlin 1917.
  • Elements of physical and chemical crystallography. Oldenbourg, Munich 1921.
  • Mineralogical tables. Oldenbourg, Munich 1921.
  • Development history of the mineralogical sciences . Verlag Julius Springer, Munich 1926 (Reprint: Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken 2008, ISBN 978-3-8364-3874-2 ).

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Groth, Paul Heinrich Ritter von - Gedächtnis Berlin
  2. ↑ 100 years of Weinheim Senior Citizens' Convention . Bochum 1963, p. 138
  3. ↑ Name after: Rudolf Nissen : Light leaves, dark leaves . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1969
  4. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Paul Heinrich von Groth. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 21, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Directory of Members .
  6. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 12, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Rudolf Nissen : Light leaves, dark leaves . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1969, p. 102ff
  8. ↑ Laetitia Boehm, Johannes Spörl: The Ludwig Maximillians University in their faculties . Duncker & Humblot Verlag, 1st edition 1980, ISBN 3-428-04737-0 , p. 434
  9. ↑ Fig. In: Hugo Schmidt (Ed.): Eduard von Grützner. Hugo Schmidt Verlag, Munich undated (1922), p. 85; Fig. In: Geist und Gestalt, Biographical Contributions to the History of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences III, 1959.
personal data
SURNAME Groth, Paul Heinrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Groth, Paul Heinrich Ritter von (full name); Groth, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mineralogist
DATE OF BIRTH June 23, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH December 2, 1927
Place of death Munich