Gustav Rose

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Gustav Rose
obituary

Gustav Rose (born March 18, 1798 in Berlin ; † July 15, 1873 there ) was a German mineralogist . He came from a family of merchants and scholars in the Brandenburg region , was the son of Valentin Rose the younger and brother of Heinrich Rose .

Live and act

Like his brother Heinrich Rose, Gustav Rose was raised by the chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the death of his father in 1807 . In 1815 Rose fought against Napoleon in the Wars of Liberation and then went on to become a miner in an iron ore mine in Tarnowitz , which he broke off for health reasons. He studied mineralogy with Christian Samuel Weiss in Berlin and received his doctorate in Kiel in 1820 with a thesis on titanite . In 1821 he went to Stockholm to learn the methods of mineral analysis from Berzelius . In 1822 he became curator of the mineral collection at the University of Breslau and in 1826 professor of mineralogy at the University of Berlin as the successor of his teacher. In 1856 he also took over the management of the Mineralogical Museum .

On October 16, 1860, he received an honorary medical doctorate from Berlin University.

Together with Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg , Rose was one of Alexander von Humboldt's companions on the Russian expedition in 1829 to the Altai and the Caspian Sea. He undertook later trips with Eilhard Mitscherlich to the volcanoes of Italy (1850) and the Aeolian Islands, then also to the extinct volcanoes of southern France (1852).

In around 125 publications, Rose dealt with all areas of mineralogy at the time. His precise goniometric measurements on crystals enabled Mitscherlich to discover the phenomenon of isomorphism . He discovered many new types of mineral such as the altaite , anorthite , cancrinite , hessite , perovskite and zinkenite . He investigated the relationship between crystal shape and physical properties ( pyroelectric and thermoelectricity ) and studied the mineralogical classification of quartz .

By studying the Berlin meteorite collection and its order, he came up with a new system of meteorites, which was developed by Aristides Brezina and Gustav Tschermak and named after all three. It is essentially still used today. Rose named the silicate globules in the stone meteorites as chondras and the meteorites they contained as chondrites . For a subgroup he introduced the name carbonaceous chondrites . He divided the stone-iron meteorites into pallasites and mesosiderites . He coined the terms Howardite and Eukrit for subgroups of stone meteorites. He was one of the pioneers of the petrographic investigation of thin sections and was the first to describe Listwänit rock .

Gustav Rose was a member of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors and in 1848 a founding member of the German Society for Geosciences and, alongside Heinrich Ernst Beyrich , Julius Ewald and Heinrich Girard, its first secretary.

His grave is located in the St. Marien and St. Nikolai Cemetery I in the Berlin district of Prenzlauer Berg .

His son Valentin Rose was a philologist and librarian, his son Edmund Rose a surgeon.

His students include Carl Rammelsberg , Gerhard vom Rath , Paul von Groth , Ferdinand von Richthofen and Christian Friedrich Martin Websky , who succeeded him as professor of mineralogy in 1874.

Honors

Rose had been a member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin since 1834 , a foreign member of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (1856) and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1873), a member of the Leopoldina (1860) and, from 1825, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , since 1829 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg and since 1832 of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.

In 1871 he received the order Pour le Mérite for science and the arts and the Bavarian Maximilian Order for science and art .

A new mineral described by Armand Lévy in 1824 was named Roselith in his honor .

Works

Gravestone, St. Marien and St. Nikolai cemetery I

literature

Web links

Commons : Gustav Rose  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ New German biography
  2. ↑ JG Burke: Cosmic Debris, Meteorites in History. University of California Press, 1986.
  3. ↑ Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857
  4. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 3, 2020 .
  5. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter R. Académie des sciences, accessed on February 23, 2020 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Rose, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mineralogist
DATE OF BIRTH March 18, 1798
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1873
Place of death Berlin