Gustav Tschermak
Gustav Tschermak , since 1906 Tschermak Edler von Seysenegg (born April 19, 1836 in Littau , Moravia , † May 4, 1927 in Vienna ) was an Austrian mineralogist .
Life
Gustav Tschermak, the son of Ignaz Markus Czermak (1791–1864), attended grammar school in Olomouc in 1848 , where he began to be politically active at an early age and founded an association for the care of the German language . From this time on he wrote his family name according to today's common spelling Tschermak .
In 1856 he began to study at the University of Vienna . The two professors Josef Redtenbacher in chemistry and Eduard Fenzl in botany, who later became his father-in-law, were the most important teachers here, while he mainly acquired his geological knowledge by himself. Above all, the two teachers Karl Schwippel (1821–1911), geologist, and Julius Schmidt , astronomer, determined his further interest in geology.
Tschermak was a professor in Vienna from 1868. His research areas were the chemistry of silicate minerals and meteorites . In 1864 he discovered the principle of isomorphic replacement . In 1871 he founded the journal Mineralogische Mittheilungen and was director of the University of Vienna from 1893 to 1894.
In recognition of his scientific achievements, he was raised to hereditary nobility by Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1906 and was given the title "Edler von Seysenegg ". His sons are the physiologist Armin Tschermak-Seysenegg (1870–1952) and the botanist and plant breeder Erich Tschermak-Seysenegg (1871–1962). As a founding member of the Mineralogical Society , he was its first president and was made an honorary member in 1907 and honorary president in 1911. Since 1870 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian , since 1881 of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and since 1897 of the Académie des Sciences .
He rests in an honorary grave in the Döblinger Friedhof (group MO, number 90) in Vienna.
Publications
- The microscopic nature of the meteorites - Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (1885). - English translation: "The Microscopic Properties of Meteorites" by John A. Wood and E. Mathilde Wood, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (1964)
- "Textbook of Mineralogy" - Vienna, Hölder 1884 (9th edition 1923)
- Textbook of mineralogy: with 836 original fig. u. 2 color printing plates - 5th edition - Vienna: Hölder, 1897. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Appreciations
- Gustav-Tschermak-Gasse was named after him in 1935 and runs through the Viennese districts of Döbling (19th district) and Währing (18th district).
- The Austrian Academy of Sciences awards the Gustav von Tschermak-Seysenegg Prize .
- The mineral chermakite was named after him.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Tschermak, Gustav . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 48th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1883, pp. 36–41 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Gustav Tschermak in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry on Gustav Tschermak in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Mineralogy and culture in the Vienna of the Danube Monarchy - On the life and work of Gustav TSCHERMAKS (PDF; 421 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tschermakite on Mindat accessed on January 23, 2012
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tschermak, Gustav |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Tschermak Edler von Seysenegg, Gustav |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian mineralogist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 19, 1836 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Littau |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 4, 1927 |
| Place of death | Vienna |