Peter Luder

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Handwritten lecture announcement 1462

Peter Luder (Latin: Petrus Luder ; * around 1415 in Kislau near Mingolsheim in Kraichgau ; † 1472 ) was a German traveling speaker, humanist , physician and scholar who came from a poor background .

Life

Peter Luder was born in this place around 1415 as the son of Johannes Luder von Kislau. His year of birth was calculated based on the assumption that he went to Heidelberg University in 1431 at the then usual 16 years . In the summer semester of 1431 , Luder matriculated in Heidelberg.

Trips abroad

In 1433 he went to Italy without a degree, out of a thirst for adventure and penniless, from where his journey in 1434 took him via Rome , Venice , the Adriatic, through the Balkans to Albania, Macedonia and Greece. Before about 1440 he began his humanistic studies at the University of Ferrara , where he listened to the famous Guarino Veronese for years . Focusing on history, rhetoric and poetry, he also attended Guarino's private school and was a guest at his home. He wandered from pastor to pastor and from monastery to monastery in the Mediterranean , also by ship. In 1445 Luder was put on record in Venice. The ruler of the republic , Doge Francesco Foscari , appointed him a notary and awarded him the honorary title of shield bearer .

Return and stops in Heidelberg, Erfurt and Leipzig

At the invitation of the Elector Friedrich I , he left for Heidelberg in May 1456 and gave his first lecture there on July 14, 1456. Luder met resistance with his speech at the scholastic University of Heidelberg. Many of the scholastic professors were hostile to the studia humanitatis represented by Luder . The reason for this was probably also his permissive lifestyle; Luder fathered several illegitimate daughters in Heidelberg. His hope of getting a position as a professor in Heidelberg was disappointed, and constant financial worries resulted.

On February 11, 1458, Luder gave an eulogy for Elector Friedrich the Victorious in the university . Two years later, in the late summer of 1460, he was in Ulm , but at the end of the year he was accepted at the University of Erfurt .

From there he moved to Leipzig University in 1462 . With his inaugural address he initiated humanism in Germany. Hartmann Schedel , who later wrote the Schedel Chronicle of the World, and Heinrich Stercker , who later became a learned councilor in Saxony, were among his Leipzig students and humanistic friends .

Doctorate in Padua

In the same year (1462) he went back to Padua , as he had probably realized that only one title offered the chance of secure employment. Thereupon the Count Palatinate asked his humanist not to serve and return to anyone else. In 1463/1464 Luder, together with Hartmann Schedel, began studying medicine at the University of Padua , and on June 2, 1464, his doctorate finally followed .

In 1468 Luder returned to the German-speaking area. At the University of Basel he was needed as a doctor and humanist. Luder entered the service of Duke Sigismund of Tyrol . In March 1470 an Austrian delegation came to the Burgundian court in Bruges , including Peter Lüderer, Doctor of Medicine , for diplomatic work he was paid 30 guilders. A new trace can be found at the University of Vienna , where he entered the register as Dominus Petrus Luder de Kyslaw Spirensis diocesis doctor in medicin in the summer semester of 1470 .

One of his students noted in his diary that Luder died in 1472. So he should only have been 57 years old.

reception

Luder has been rediscovered over the past few decades as an outstanding personality in the history of the humanities and universities. He is considered a pioneer, apostle or trailblazer for the “Studia humanitatis” in Germany. It is the subject of numerous special studies. The famous "Kislauer", who described himself as small in stature and with black hair, is an outstanding example of early humanism in Germany for university research. His most prominent students in Heidelberg were the well-known early German humanists Matthias von Kemnat and Stefan Hoest . Luder had a very personal, close friendship with Matthias von Kemnat, who later became the court chaplain and historiographer of Elector Friedrich I. Luder's successor in Heidelberg was the theologian Stephan Hoest.

For a long time the assessment of his work was in a relatively negative light. The judgments by Wilhelm Wattenbach and Georg Voigt played a decisive role in this. It was recognized that Luder played a pioneering role in spreading humanistic ideas. Nevertheless, they let themselves be taken over primarily by his weaknesses, which he undoubtedly displayed as a personality. Luder as a Latin teacher did not actually revive antiquity, but refers to the new Latin . Today he is particularly valued as a pioneer in spreading the ideas of Italian Renaissance humanism in Germany.

Editions and translations

  • Eske Bockelmann (ed.): The metrics lecture of the early humanist Peter Luder (= Gratia. Bamberg writings on Renaissance research . Issue 14). Kaiser, Bamberg 1984, ISBN 3-921834-14-7 (critical edition with translation and commentary)
  • Peter Luder, lecture announcements. In: W. Trillitzsch: Der Deutschen Renaissancehumanismus . Frankfurt 1981, pp. 149-152.

literature

  • Frank E. Baron: The Beginning of German Humanism: The Life and Work of the Wandering Humanist Peter Luder. Dissertation. Berkeley 1966.
  • Helmut Reinalter: The wandering humanist Peter Luder and his relationships with Duke Sigmund of Tyrol. In: Communications from the Austrian State Archives. 26, 1973, pp. 148-167 (biographical study on slut as diplomat)
  • P. Moraw: Heidelberg: University, court and city in the late Middle Ages. In: B. Moeller et al. (Ed.): Studies on urban education in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. 1983, pp. 524-552.
  • Frank E. Baron: Luder, Peter. In: Author's Lexicon . Vol. 5, 1985, Col. 954-959.
  • R. Kettemann: An early prize from Heidelberg and its university. Peter Luders “Laudatio” from 1458. In: Ruperto-Carola. Heidelberg University Notebooks. Volume 38, No. 75, October 1986, pp. 76-86.
  • Frank Baron:  Luder, Petrus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 292 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • W. Barner: Studia toto amplectanda pectore. On Peter Luder’s program speech of 1456. In: Respublica Guelferbytana. Wolfenbüttler contributions to Renaissance and Baroque research. Festschrift for Paul Raabe . (= Chloe, supplements to Daphnis. 6). Amsterdam 1987, pp. 225-251.
  • PO Kristeller: Scholasticism and Humanism at the University of Heidelberg. In: G. Keil et al. (Ed.): Humanism and the upper faculties. (= Communication from the Commission for Research on Humanism. 14). 1987, pp. 1-20.
  • A. Sottili: Peter Luders medical doctorate. In: Wolfenbütteler Renaissance Mitteilungen. (WRM) 11, 1987, p. 118.
  • J.-D. Müller: The victorious prince in the scholar's design. At the beginning of court humanism in Heidelberg. In: A. Buck (ed.): Court humanism. (= Communication from the Commission for Research on Humanism. 16). 1989, pp. 17-50.
  • Rudolf Kettemann: Heidelberg in the mirror of its oldest description. 2nd Edition. 1991.
  • Rudolf Kettemann: Peter Luder (around 1415–1472). The beginnings of humanistic studies in Germany. In: Paul Gerhard Schmidt (Ed.): Humanism in the German Southwest. Biographical profiles. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 2000, ISBN 3-7995-4166-7 , pp. 13-34.
  • Peter Luder. In: Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1386-1651. Berlin 2002, p. 443.
  • Klaus Gaßner (Hrsg.): Bad Schönborn history. The chronicle of the reunited villages Mingolsheim and Langenbrücken. Volume 1: From the beginnings to the dissolution of the Old Kingdom. Regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher 2006, ISBN 3-89735-437-3 , pp. 233-237

Web links

Commons : Peter Luder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Peter was registered as Petrus de Kislau, Diocese Speyer, p (p stood for pauper = poor, did not have to pay an admission fee). Source: Ort-Chronik Bad Schönborn 2006, p. 233.
  2. ↑ This speech about the 'studia humanitatis' would in future be Luder's parade lecture, with which he made his debut at the universities where he taught after his time in Heidelberg.
  3. ↑ The arts faculty required Luder to submit his censorship speech before it could be delivered. Luder refused with a sharp reference to the faculty's incompetence.
personal data
SURNAME Babe, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ludo, Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German traveling speaker, humanist, physician and scholar
DATE OF BIRTH around 1415
PLACE OF BIRTH Kislau
DATE OF DEATH 1472