Parish church Friesach
The Roman Catholic parish church of Friesach stands north of the main square at the foot of the Petersberg in the municipality of Friesach in the Sankt Veit an der Glan district in Carinthia . The parish church of St. Bartholomäus belongs to the Deanery Friesach in the diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt . The church is a listed building .
history
The first written mention of the church comes from the year 1187. There was probably a previous building from the Carolingian era . Konrad from Tisentis in Graubünden is named as the first provost in 1215 . After several fires in the course of history (1298, 1557, 1582, 1673, 1804, and 1895) the church building has undergone significant changes. The cemetery around the church was abandoned in 1785 and the Romanesque charnel house removed in 1845.
Building
Outside
The pillar basilica with a mighty two-tower westwork was built in the 12th century, the long choir was added in the first quarter of the 14th century. The cantilever windows of the basilically raised central nave are covered by the roofs of the side aisles, which were raised in the 17th century. The walls of the aisle are broken through on two storeys by basket arched windows.
The single-nave, two- bay long choir with a 5/8 end is roughly the width of the central nave, but is higher than this. The eastern choir yoke is slightly drawn in compared to the western one, above which a ridge turret with a pointed helmet rises. The walls of the choir are supported by three-stepped buttresses and at the end of the choir are pierced by high two-part lancet windows with original tracery , and three-part lancet windows in the choir bays. The sacristy is built to the north of the choir .
The substructure of the westwork has the same width as the nave. Above the triple stepped funnel portal, the Gothic pointed arch window was replaced by a large round arch window in the Baroque period. On the side of the west facade up to the level of the eaves line of the central nave roof are three wall slots. The three-storey twin towers rise above it. After the fire of 1804, the north tower, which was changed in baroque style after an earlier fire, was given an onion crown again, while the south tower with the Romanesque window openings only received a flat pyramid roof. After the fire of 1895, the towers, designed by Raimund Jeblinger the decision was neuromanisch restore. From 1896 to 1912, the massive double tower facade was built in the Rhineland Romanesque style. The towers have a biforic window on three sides, two simple biforic windows in the middle and two biforic windows at the top. On the two sides facing each other, only the top row of windows with two biforic windows is present because of the central nave roof. The towers are crowned by pointed gable helmets and each supported by a corner brace. On a pillar to the north of the church is a Roman period relief plate depicting Minerva .
Inside
The interior of the five-bay nave is a basilically staggered three-aisled room with round arched pillar arcades supporting the high nave. The Romanesque structure is still clearly recognizable. Head brackets are placed under the capitals of some of the pillars. The relief, Romanesque fighter on the north-western nave pillar shows monsters and mythical creatures. In the area of the westwork, the central nave is significantly longer than the side aisles and also remarkably wide with a width of 10.6 meters with a total width of the nave of 21.3 meters. Originally covered with a flat roof, the vaulting with net ribs in the central nave was made around 1441, that of the Platzl vault over the side aisles in the second half of the 17th century. Also in the 17th century, baroque galleries were built above the side aisles, the openings of which were changed in a neo-Romanesque style in 1896. Heads and coats of arms are depicted on the keystones of the nave vault. A three-part round arched pillar arch with groin vaults supports the west gallery, the balustrade of which consists of openwork tracery. A preliminary drawing for Mary's death can be seen on the front of the gallery. A pointed triumphal arch from the end of the 15th century connects the nave with the choir. The choir with its early Gothic ribbed vault was built from 1326 to 1333 by Provost Gerold , who later became Bishop of Gurk . The vault rests on consoles over circular services , which end in consoles in the lower third of the wall. Angels, heads and foliage are depicted on these. Heads and foliage are also the motifs on the round keystones. On the north side of the choir, a pointed arched portal with an iron-studded door leads into the sacristy.
window
The stock of medieval stained glass is of great importance . Late Romanesque glass paintings, which were created around 1270 to 1280, were transferred here from the Dominican Church in 1838 and installed in the north-facing end of the choir and supplemented in 1890. The clever and foolish virgins are depicted on ten discs in a spiky style .
In the south end of the choir window, the glass paintings on twelve panes from around 1325 to 1338 show scenes from the life of Christ. They were reassembled in 1838 from different windows in the choir. Three small glass paintings in the northeast side aisle window were made in 1661. The first window in the south aisle shows a coat of arms that was donated by Archbishop Johann Jakob von Khuen-Belasy in 1565 . The large arched window above the organ gallery was glazed in 1995 by Rudolfine P. Rossmann. The circular upper aisle windows of the central nave are blind because of the roofs of the side aisles.
Facility
High altar
The high altar, framed in black and gold and with a two-storey column structure from 1679, rises in strict monumentality and unity in the end of the choir. The Assumption of Mary can be seen on the main picture of the altar , above it the martyrdom of St. Bartholomew on the top picture. The top picture is flanked on the left by the statue of St. Ulrich and on the right by St. Rupert . The tabernacle and the angel figures come from the late baroque.
Side altars
The St. Mary's altar in the north aisle was originally set up in the now secular church of St. Johann near St. Salvator. The altar with the statue of the Queen of Heaven was created around 1700. The Sacred Heart Altar in the south aisle dates from the 19th century. On pillars in the central nave is a Marian altar made around 1900 to the north and a Joseph altar made around 1710 with a picture in a richly carved acanthus frame to the south .
pulpit
The late Baroque pulpit, created around 1790, is attributed to Johann Reiter. At the basket of the pulpit sit the figures of the evangelists , on the bell shell trumpet angels with symbols of the four known continents at the time, such as crowns, turban , feather crowns and animals such as horses, a lion and an anatomically incorrect elephant .
organ
The organ was built in 2000 by Orgelbau Eisenbarth, Passau. The slider chest instrument has 43 stops on three manuals and a pedal. The playing and stop actions are mechanical, the stop actions are also electrical.
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Others
There are also twelve life-size carved apostle figures from the first half of the 18th century on the consoles in the choir and in the nave . The late baroque console figures of Mary and John were part of a crucifixion group , as were the two unknown saints under the gallery. The two paintings from the 18th century in the north aisle show Saint Barbara and Saint Joseph of Calasanza . Since 2000 the church has had one of the most important new organs in Carinthia.
Tombstones
Of the significant gravestones, mostly in relief, that of Bishop Gerold von Friesach from 1333 and the splendid red marble gravestone from 1553 of Provost Georg Vischl can be highlighted.
Others
In the square in front of the church, the Romanesque portal of the former Karner is set up as a solitary. The portal from the last quarter of the 12th century shows a relief of Christ in the tympanum . Before the property was in its current location, it was installed in the Friesach municipal office.
literature
- Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Carinthia . Anton Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , pp. 162-165.
- Matthias Kapeller: Churches, monasteries and culture - meeting places in Carinthia . Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85378-539-5 , p. 54 f.
- Gottfried Biedermann, Barbara Kienzl : Romanesque in Carinthia . Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 1994, ISBN 3-85378-426-7 , p. 90.
- Renate Jernej: The Collegiate Foundation St. Bartholomäus in Friesach . Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85454-099-X .
Individual evidence
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 57 ′ 4.2 ″ N , 14 ° 24 ′ 19 ″ E