St-Roch

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Saint-Roch, Paris, Rue Saint-Honoré

The parish church of Saint-Roch ( Église Saint-Roch ) is located at 284 Rue Saint-Honoré , in the 1st arrondissement in the center of Paris . It is dedicated to Saint Roch of Montpellier . With a length of 126 m, it is one of the largest churches in Paris.

history

Foundation and expansions

Saint-Honoré with Saint-Roch church

In 1521, the Parisian merchant Jean Dinocheau founded a small chapel in the suburb of Saint Honoré, then just outside Paris, which was dedicated to St. Susanna . The founder's nephew, Etienne Dinocheau, redesigned the chapel into a more spacious church in 1577, which, following the trends of the time, was given Saint Roch as patron. This church was elevated to a parish church in 1629 and expanded from 1653 to 1740.

The extension work began in 1653 based on a design by Jacques Lemercier . The foundation stone was laid by Louis XIV personally. The work was later interrupted for financial reasons and continued in the years 1701–1740. One of the chapels was built between 1705 and 1710 according to the designs of Jules Hardouin-Mansart , and another by Pierre Bullet . The facade in the style of the Baroque from the year 1736 comes to plans by Robert de Cotte .

At that time, a side chapel of the extended building was dedicated to St. Susanna to commemorate the origins of the church. In this chapel an old window with the date 1710 reminds of the redesign, and above the altar a large painting shows Sainte Suzanne, threatened by her persecutors, kneeling on the stone floor and pleading to heaven for help and strength.

Period of the French Revolution

Journée du 13 vendémiaire: General Napoleon attacks the royalists

At the time of the French Revolution, the church of Saint Roch was at the center of the subversive turmoil. At the time, the rue Saint Honoré was home to the monasteries where the revolutionary clubs of the Jacobins , the Feuillants, etc. got together. The carts on which the victims of the revolution were driven from the Conciergerie to the Place de la Concorde for execution rolled down this street . The Convent met in the neighboring Palais des Tuileries , and immediately in front of the Saint Roch church, the then General Bonaparte smashed the royalist uprising against the Convent on the 13th Vendémiaire in year 4 (October 5, 1795) of the Revolution. Today the impacts of the projectiles are still visible on the facade of the church.

Not only the outside of the church, but - to a much greater extent - the inside was affected by the turmoil, especially during the reign of the "goddess of reason". Many paintings and art treasures were stolen or destroyed. One of them is a painting in the side chapel that depicts the founder Dinocheau. This picture is today with an altered inscription in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore (Piedmont) (Italy). It is issued there as a portrait of Paul Feminis.

After the revolution, the damage was gradually repaired and u. a. also restored the chapel of St. Susanna. The painter Norblin made the sketches and painted today's memory picture of Susanna on canvas, which was stretched on the wall above the altar at a width of 3.20 m and a height of 3.65 m in place of the old depiction.

Works of art and famous burials

Admiral de Grasse , Pierre Corneille , André Le Nôtre , Paul Thiry d'Holbach and Denis Diderot are buried in Saint-Roch .

Today, Saint-Roch is home to numerous works of art that come from abolished monasteries in the region. Below are two busts created by Antoine Coysevox . The collection also includes a statue of Jesus Christ , which Étienne-Maurice Falconet created in 1757.

  • Christophe Civeton : Saint-Roch

  • inner space

  • Norry: interior of the Saint-Roch church, 1787

  • Side chapel with St. Susanna, built in 1710

organ

Organ prospectus

The church received its first organ from Lesclop in 1751, whose five-part prospectus still houses the organ today. In 1769 François-Henri Clicquot did some finishing work. Almost half of the pipe stock was lost during the revolution . In 1805 it was first repaired by Pierre Dallery , in 1820 his son expanded the organ again, especially with flute and tongue registers.

The renovation by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll from 1839 to 1842 is of particular importance, although only a small part of the old pipe inventory was used. He expanded the range of the manual, added a swell and provided the organ with Barker machines . In pedal that remained Ravalement . In 1859 and 1881 the organ was revised again by Cavaillé-Coll, and in 1901 by his successor Charles Mutin . 1927 added Joseph Gutschenritter son a fourth Manual added that Récit received a Quintaton 16 ', a gamba 8' and Voix céleste 8 '. From 1991 to 1994 Jean Renaud restored the organ and brought it back to its condition from 1881. It has been a monument historique since 1981 .

Disposition

The disposition of the organ has been as follows since 1994:

I positive C – g 3
Montre 08th'
Bourdon 08th'
Flûte harmonique 08th'
Viol 08th'
Voix céleste 08th'
Prestant 04 ′
Dulciana 04 ′
Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Duplicate 02 '
Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Grande fourniture II0
Fittings IV
Cymbals III
Cornet V
Trumpets 08th'
Cromorne 08th'
Hautbois 08th'
Clairon 04 ′
II Grand-Orgue C-g 3
Corni dolci 16 ′
Montre 16 ′
Bourdon 16 ′
Montre 08th'
Salicional 08th'
Bourdon 08th'
1ère flûte harmonique0 08th'
2ème flûte harmonique 08th'
Prestant 04 ′
Viol 04 ′
Octavin doublette 02 ′
III Bombarde C-g 3
Bombard 16 ′
1st trumpet 08th'
2nd trumpet0 08th'
Clairon 04 ′
Clairon 2 ′ / 4 ′
IV Récit expressif C – g 3
Flûte harmonique0 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Viol 8th'
Celeste 8th'
Flûte octaviante 4 ′
Octavine 2 ′
Trumpets 8th'
Basson-hautbois 8th'
Voix humaine 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
Pedalier C – f 1
Flute 16 ′
Flute 08th'
Grande quinte0 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Flute 04 ′
Bombard 16 ′
Trumpets 08th'
Basson 08th'
Clairon 04 ′
Clairon 02 ′

Titular organists

literature

  • Chris Boicos et al. a .: Paris. RV Reise- und Verkehrsverlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-89480-901-9 , p. 121.
  • Julia Droste-Hennings, Thorsten Droste: Paris. A city and its myth. DuMont-Reiseverlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-7701-6090-8 , p. 292.
  • Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas Hurtaut, Magny: Dictionnaire historique de la ville de Paris et de ses environs. Moutard, Paris 1779, p. 231 (reprint: Minkoff, Geneva 1973).
  • Heinfried Wischermann: Architecture Guide Paris. Gerd Hatje Verlag, Ostfildern 1997, ISBN 3-7757-0606-2 , p. 49.

Web links

Commons : St-Roch (Paris)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Kempkes: Analysis of the historical evidence value of the so-called feminis images

Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 54 ″  N , 2 ° 19 ′ 57 ″  E