Phallus rubicundus
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Phallus rubicundus |
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Phallus rubicundus , sometimes called orange-red stinkhorn in German-speaking countries , is a type of mushroom from the family of stinkhorn relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The ripe fruiting bodies emerge from 2–3 cm large, egg-shaped witch's eggs , which are whitish to pale brown in color. The slim, inside hollow stem is 15 cm high and 1.5-2.5 cm thick. Its color spectrum ranges from scarlet to orange-red. At the top of the stem is a fragile 3–4.5 cm large cap that is covered by the foul-smelling gleba . The gleba is initially isabel in color, but later takes on a dirty yellowish brown color. The velum may be absent; if present, it looks like a flaky skin from under the hat or hangs in strips or patches on the stem.
Microscopic features
The elongated, smooth spores are 2 x 4 µm in size.
Species delimitation
Phallus rubicundus is often confused with the elegant canine tail ( Mutinus elegans ). In Mutinus elegans , however, the gleba only covers the narrowed tip of the stem, while Phallus rubicundus carries the spore mass on a separate cap that is clearly separated from the stem.
ecology
In phallus rubicundus is a Saprobionten which individually or in small groups in meadows, lawns , soybean fields and sandy soils grows with wood residues. The species is also common in New York's Central Park : Gary Lincoff described Phallus rubicundus in 2006 as "the park's most conspicuous fungus, which appears almost everywhere on bark mulch." In Australia , Phallus rubicundus has been observed on rotten trunks of the giant nettle tree ( Dendrocnide excelsa ) and on bark mulch near the University of Queensland .
distribution
The range of Phallus rubicundus is in Africa , Australia and Italy . In addition, it could also be found in the Great Plains , Texas , Virginia , Pennsylvania , South Carolina , Maryland, and New York City .
Taxonomy
William Henry Long , an American mycologist who described Phallus rubicundus from Texas in 1907, noted that there is a significant variety of colors and shapes within the species. From Austin he reported "specimens with sturdy stems that appear on lawns and other sunny grassy areas," while the specimens he found in Denton "in sandy fields near rotten oak stumps and along fences on sandy soils" made their way through a lot more slender stem. The differences in the stature of the fruiting bodies are probably due to the nutrient content of the substrate, which varies depending on the location. It is possible that there are several species that are very similar to one another. Edward Angus Burt , for example, took the view in 1896 that the sturdier specimens of Phallus rubicundus must be a red-stemmed variety of Phallus ravenelii , as the slimmer version differs significantly from the other. Donald Malcolm Dring , who described the species from Africa in 1977, was of the opinion that the slimmer and the stronger version are two different species, Phallus rubicundus and Phallus aurantiacus . He described Phallus rubicundus as a red-stemmed species with a strong stem and a bell-shaped hat, while Phallus aurantiacus was characterized by a conical hat and an orange, slender stem.
swell
- MycoBank: Phallus rubicundus M (Bosc) Fr. 1823 . Fungal databases. Nomenclature and Species Banks. Online Taxonomic Novelties Submission. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- Kuo, M. (2011 April). Phallus rubicundus. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com website
- AM Young, Tony Young: A Field Guide to the Fungi of Australia . University of New South Wales, 2005, ISBN 0-86840-742-9 (English, 248 pages).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: Phallus rubicundus (Bosc 1811) Frieze 1823 - Orange-red stinkhorn. In: Fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved January 14, 2014 .
