Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet
Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet (born January 19, 1761 in Montpellier , † July 27, 1807 ibid) was a French doctor , naturalist and zoologist (more precisely ichthyologist ). Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Brouss. "
Live and act
Under the influence of his father, François Broussonet (1722–1792), a doctor and professor of medicine in Montpellier, and of Antoine Gouan (1733–1821), a naturalist, Broussonet discovered his passion for natural history. First he studied medicine and received his doctorate in Montpellier in 1778. The topic of his dissertation was Variae positiones, circa respirationem, etc.
In the same year 1789 he published his first, shorter scientific work on fish, Mémoire sur la régénération de quelques parties du corps des Poissons. The article appeared in the Journal de physique, de chimie, d'histoire naturelle et des arts. vol 35, Paris (1789).
When he finished his studies in 1780, he moved to London , where he maintained close contact with many scholars, not only Sir Joseph Banks , who welcomed him to this city, but also Johann Reinhold Forster , Daniel Solander and Alexander Dalrymple , Anders Erikson Sparrman , John Sibthorp, and James Edward Smith .
Through the influence of Sir Joseph Banks, Broussonet was inducted into the Royal Society on February 14, 1782 . He published the first part of a work on fish, Ichthyologia sistens piscium descriptiones et icones Decas I (1782), from material collected during James Cook's voyages and assigned to Sir Joseph Banks.
Broussonet's goal was to systematize all known fish of his time, that is to say about 1200 species . He returned to Paris in August 1782 , where he made friends with the two botanists René Desfontaines and Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle . He was also the first to bring a Ginkgo biloba seedling to France. Later Broussonet botanized together with John Sibthorp for several months in the south of France and in Catalonia with Abbé Pierre André Pourret (1754-1818).
He was a founding member of the Société linnéenne de Paris . This society was founded on December 28, 1787 in Paris on the initiative of the botanists and naturalists André Thouin , Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759-1828), Aubin-Louis Millin de Grandmaison (1759-1818) and Pierre-Rémi Willemet . It soon found support from other naturalists who joined the Société. In 1789, however, it was dissolved again. Broussonet was a follower of Carl von Linné's modern taxonomy , the binary nomenclature .
Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton (1716-1800) made him his assistant in 1784 at the veterinary college École nationale vétérinaire in Alfort. With Daubenton Broussonet was accepted into the Académie des sciences in 1785 . He worked with Daubenton in France on the breeding of merino sheep and angora goats in order to further develop the quality of the wool. He encourages the testing of new crops, such as the mulberry tree , and tried to grow tea and potatoes in Corsica.
During this time he devoted himself increasingly to agriculture. Broussonet was appointed permanent secretary of the Agricultural Society of Paris, Société d'agriculture de Paris , in 1785 by the artistic director Berthier de Sauvigny (1737–1789) , and in this role he held a position as permanent secretary . a. responsible for preparing quarterly reports.
Other political activities were: In 1789 he was elected to the constituent national assembly, Assemblée nationale . As a member of the Assemblée nationale législative , he joined the Girondins party . The uprising of the sans-culottes of 1793 led to the arrest and execution of many leading Girondins. This also applied to Broussonet, so he too was ostracized and had to leave Paris in 1793. His escape took him via Montpellier and, after another dangerous stage, to Madrid . But he also had to leave Spain and fled via Lisbon to Morocco , where he found refuge in the embassy of the United States of America .
He later turned to the Directoire for permission to return to France. However, he was still on the list of emigrants. It was only in 1797 that he succeeded in being removed from this list.
At that time he was living in the US Embassy in Mogador (now Essaouira ) in Morocco. From the consular mission he then fled to the Canary Islands in 1799 , as the city was hit by a plague epidemic in which two thirds of the population died. He stayed in Tenerife until 1803 . During his exile he made his first botanical collections in North Africa (1794–1795).
He was allowed to return to France and chose Montpellier, where he could stay with his family. Finally he got a chair for botany in Montpellier, in the same year 1803. In addition to his teaching activities as a botanist, he supported the establishment of the botanical garden of the city Jardin des plantes de Montpellier and published a catalog of the garden under the title Elenchus plantarum Horti Botanici monspeliensis . He was appointed a member of the legislature in 1805.
He died at the age of 46. He was married to Gabrielle Mitteau, both had a daughter (Elisabeth Broussonet) and a son (Jean Louis Victor Broussonet), a doctor in the Army of the Pyrenees, médecin dans l'armée des Pyrénées .
Honor taxon
Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle named the genus Broussonetia from the Moraceae family in his honor in 1799 .
Works (selection)
- Ichthyologia sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. P. Elmsly, Londini; PF Didot, Parisiis; R. Graeffer, Viennae 1782. (Texts en ligne)
- Instruction [ou Mémoire] on the culture des turneps ou gros navets, on the manière de les conserver et sur les moyens de les rendre propres à la nourriture des bestiaux. Impr. Royale, Paris 1785.
- Essai de comparaison entre les mouvements des animaux et ceux des plantes, et description d'une espèce de sainfoin, dont les feuilles sont dans un mouvement continuel. In: Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences. Impr. Royale, Paris 1785, pp. 609-621.
- Année rurale, or Calendrier à l'usage des cultivateurs. 2 volumes, Paris 1787–1788.
- Memoir on the regeneration of certain parts of the bodies of fishes. C. Forster, London 1789. [2]
- Reflections on the avantages qui résulteroient de la réunion de la Société royale d'Agriculture, de l'École vétérinaire, et de trois chaires du Collège royal, au Jardin du roi. Impr. Du Journal gratuit, Paris 1790.
- Elenchus plantarum horti botanici Monspeliensis. Augusti Ricard, Monspelii 1805. [3]
literature
Web links
- Author entry and list of the described plant names for Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet at the IPNI
- Works by and about Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet in the German Digital Library
- Entry to Broussonet; Peter Maria Augustus (1761-1807) in the Archives of the Royal Society , London
- Biography in French
- Biography from the Napoleonic Society
Individual evidence
- ↑ English edition
- ↑ JSTOR Plant Science Biography in English
- ^ PM Augusti Broussonet: Ichthyologia sistens piscium.
- ↑ Family genealogy
- ^ Biography in French by Xavier Riaud
- ^ Flora of North America: Broussonetia
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Broussonet, Pierre Marie Auguste |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French doctor, naturalist and zoologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 19, 1761 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Montpellier |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 27, 1807 |
| Place of death | Montpellier |