Pinax

Attic grave pinax depicting a prosthesis , Paris, Louvre, MNB 905

Lower Italian relief pinax with Persephone and Hades from Lokroi Epizephyrioi

A pinax (plural pinakes ; from ancient Greek ὁ πίναξ pínax , German , board, painted or written [wooden] board, painting, picture ' , Latin tabula picta ) was called a board made of wood, baked clay, marble or bronze in ancient Greece .

They could as Votive be offered for gods in shrines or hung like the Corinthian Pinakes of Penteskouphia or ninnion tablet from Eleusis. The pitsa tablets are made of wood and were consecrated to nymphs in a cave. The term is also used for votive reliefs made of clay, such as the Lower Italian pinakes from Lokroi Epizephyrioi ( Locri ). Clay panels were also often nailed to the walls of tomb buildings. The known specimens date from the 7th to 4th centuries BC. And are usually 30 to 65 cm high.

With the presentation of prothesis (laying out) and ekphora (grave procession) they served as decoration of grave monuments, such as the grave tablets of Exekias .

After Vitruvius , temple rooms were called, but also rooms of private individuals in which pinakes were kept, pinacoteca ( πινακοθήκη ). Later this name was used north of the Alps for picture galleries.

Pinakes can be seen in the National Museum in Athens, the Collection of Antiquities in the Berlin Museums, the Louvre in Paris, the Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia in Reggio Calabria and the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

literature

General

• Ingeborg Scheibler : Pinax 6. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 9, Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-01479-7 , Sp. 1030.

Grave pinakes

• John Boardman : Painted Funerary Plaques and Some Remarks on Prothesis . In: The Annual of the British School at Athens . Volume 50, 1955, pp. 51-66 doi : 10.1017 / S0068245400018578 .
• Jerrie Pike Brooklyn: Attic Black-Figure Funerary Plaques . Dissertation University of Iowa 1981.
• Heide Mommsen : Exekias I. The grave tablets (= research on ancient ceramics . Series 2 Kerameus , Volume 11). von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2033-7 .

Votive Pinakes

• Elisa Lissi Caronna, Claudio Sabbione, Licia Vlad Borrelli (eds.): I Pinakes di Locri Epizefiri . 3 volumes. Società Magna Grecia, Rome 1999–2007.
• Christina Blassopulu: Attikoi anaglyphoi pinakes tes archaikes epoches . Ekdosis tu Tameiu Archaiologikôn Porôn kai Apallotriôseôn, Athens 2003, ISBN 960-214-045-3 .
• Kyriaki Karoglou: Attic pinakes. Votive images in clay . Archaeopress, Oxford 2010, ISBN 978-1-4073-0643-8 .

Web links

Commons : Pinakes  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Pinax  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Remarks

1. ^ Vitruvius, de architectura 1, 2, 7; 6, 3, 8; 6, 4, 2; 7, 3.