Place des Victoires
| Place des Victoires | |
|---|---|
| location | |
| Arrondissement | 1st , 2nd |
| quarter | Halles Palais-Royal Vivienne |
| Outgoing streets | Rue d'Aboukir Rue Catinat Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs Rue Étienne-Marcel Rue La Feuillade Rue Vide-Gousset |
| morphology | |
| diameter | 78 m |
| shape | circular |
| history | |
| Emergence | 1685 |
| designation | 1685 |
| Original names | Place des Victoires-Nationales (1792) |
| Coding | |
| Paris | 9749 |
The Place des Victoires is one of the five so-called “royal squares” of Paris and is located about 500 m north of the Louvre on the border of the 1st and 2nd arrondissements .
History of origin
The Place des Victoires (Place of Victories) is the third oldest of the 5 royal squares in Paris. The Duc (Duke) and Marshal François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade signed a contract with Martin Desjardins in 1682 for the production of a bronze statue of Louis XIV in his homage. At the same time he negotiated with the city of Paris about a favorable location for this statue. An area about 500 meters north of the Louvre proved to be suitable. The name of the square should remember the king's victory in the Franco-Dutch War . La Feuillade also commissioned the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansard in 1683 to design the buildings that would frame the square. After Marshal La Ferté died in 1681, on December 6, 1683 La Feuillade acquired the house "La Ferté-Senneterre", which had existed since 1648 and was located on the site of today's Banque de France . On July 23, 1685, the city acquired Charles Perrault's house on the square in order to be able to demolish it. The buildings that were still disruptive in the construction of the square were demolished in March 1685; numerous houses had to give way, including that of the builder La Feuillade. A royal decree dated December 19, 1685 saw the official start of construction.
Mansart left the reconstruction of the square to the architect Jean-Baptiste Prédot, gave the uniform facade of the square a colossal Ionic order over a banded arcade floor and crowned the houses with mansard roofs . The height of the facade was calculated in such a way that the main cornice did not tower over the bronze statue, even when viewed from the periphery of the square. He had his buildings on the square equipped with arcades, a bel étage (1st floor) for aristocrats, separated the window axes with large pilasters , and the extended attic had typical attic windows . The buildings erected on Place des Victoires, along with those on Place Vendome, are among Mansart's masterpieces.
When the square was inaugurated on June 29, 1687, only 3 streets led into the square. The ground plan of the square forms a circle, which is ground off on one side by a road that flows into it. The construction costs amounted to 7 million livres and almost drove the builder La Feuillade to ruin. When King Louis XIV visited the square on one of his rare visits to Paris in 1687, the buildings designed by Mansart were not yet completed. In order to spare the king the sight of a construction site, the missing facades were replaced by canvases painted with house facades. The last building was not finished until September 1, 1690, when Edme Pellé bought house no. 8 for 9,000 livres.
Changing statues
Place des Victoires - original statue of Louis XIV.
Place des Victoires - remains of the decorative elements of the Desjardins plinth, exhibited in the Cour Puget des Louvre
Place des Victoires - the statue of Louis XIV was demolished on August 13, 1792
Place des Victoires - Statue of General Desaix by Claude Dejoux, erected in 1810, removed in 1814
Place des Victoires - Louis XIV (October 2014)
In the middle of the square, on March 18, 1686, a gilded, 12 meter high bronze statue by Martin Desjardin was unveiled, crowned by a Victoria. It showed the triumphant king above the chained warrior figures of Germany, Piedmont, Spain and Holland and symbolized the peace of Nijmegen . The king was unable to attend the inauguration ceremony due to illness. It was removed during the French Revolution between August 10th and 13th, 1792. On August 15, 1810, on his birthday , Bonaparte unveiled the nude statue of General Louis Charles Antoine Desaix created by Claude Dejoux , which was always controversial and which also disappeared shortly afterwards in 1814 during the Wars of Liberation . According to a royal decree of April 14, 1819, the third statue had to be made of bronze. On August 25, 1822, the old statue was replaced by a new monument of Louis XIV on a prancing horse by François Joseph Bosio , placed on 5 blocks of Carrara marble .
building
Today's houses around the square are officially called "Hôtel", but are so-called Hôtel particulier , i.e. townhouses for the affluent population. Here you will find upscale fashion boutiques with the latest fashion styles by Kenzo (the first Japanese to successfully penetrate the Parisian fashion scene), Thierry Mugler , Esprit , Chacharel and Maje, as well as the boutiques Zadig, Lamarthe and Voltaire. The Hôtel Charlemagne (with the fashion boutique Claudie Pierlot; No. 1) has undergone major structural changes and has been a listed building since 1967, followed by the Hôtel de Montplanque (Claudie Pierlot; No. 1a), Hôtel Bergeret de Grancourt in No. 2 (listed since November 8, 1962; Zadig & Voltaire). The former Hôtel d'Émery (No. 3) was bought by Madame de Soyecourt in 1690, from whom it got its current name; Kenzo is located in the Hôtel de Soyecourt (No. 3). This is followed by the Hotel Bergeret de Talmont in No. 4 (Lola; was built before 1751), the Hôtel de Metz de Rosnay No. 4a, the Hôtel Bauyn de Péreuse (No. 5) is home to another Kenzo shop. This is followed numerically by the Hôtel de Prévenchères (No. 6), Hôtel Pellé de Montaleau (Thierry Mugler; No. 8); the Hôtel de L'Hospital (March 15, 1928; Esprit; No. 9) was built in 1635 by Marc-Antoine Acéré, the Hôtel Gigault de La Salle was originally La Feuillade's house at No. 10 (Thierry Mugler) and finally the Hôtel Cornette ( No. 12). The border between the 1st and 2nd arrondissement runs right across the square. The house numbers 1-5 are therefore in the 1st arrondissement, the numbers 4a, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 in the 2nd arrondissement.
Location and importance
From August 1792 it was called the Place des Victoires-Nationales . Today the square opens up after 6 streets with no symmetry in the wall sections. The square is 78 meters in diameter, the adjacent houses are a maximum of 19 meters high, the monument 8 meters (of which the base is almost 4 meters). The German Forum for Art History was housed here in No. 10 from its founding in 1997 until September 2011. The Banque de France is visible from the square at the end of rue Croix des Petits Champs. The streets that open onto it are rue d'Aboukir (870 meters long), rue Vide-Gousset, rue La Feuillade, rue Catinat, rue Croix des Petits Champs and rue Étienne Marcel. A decree of July 26, 1883 approved the demolition of some houses in the square architecture in order to lead the rue Étienne Marcel , which had already been planned by Georges-Eugène Haussmann, to the square. The street was not included in the Plan de Turgot from 1739, but it destroyed the elegant atmosphere of the square.
The square is the busy center of a busy trading district. The metro stations for line 3 ( Bourse ), line 4 ( Étienne Marcel ), line 7 ( Pyramides ) and line 14 ( Pyramides ) are nearby . It is one of the most expensive addresses in Paris; in No. 1 the average purchase price is 14042 euros / m².
See also
The rest of the royal squares of Paris:
- Place des Vosges , formerly Place Royale , built 1605–1611
- Place Dauphine , built 1607–1612
- Place Vendôme , built from 1688
- Place de la Concorde , built from 1755
literature
- Julia Droste-Hennings, Thorsten Droste : Paris. A city and its myth . DuMont-Reiseverlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-7701-6090-8 , pp. 290-291.
- Isabelle Dubois, Alexandre Gady, Hendrik Ziegler (eds.): La Place des Victoires . Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 2003, ISBN 3-05-003404-1 .
- Fritz Stahl: Paris. A city as a work of art . Rudolf Mosse Buchverlag, Berlin 1929.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Pierre Lavedan : Histoire de l'urbanisme à Paris. (= Nouvelle Histoire de Paris ). Hachette, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-85962-012-5 , pp. 217-219.
- ↑ Isabelle Dubois, Alexandre Gady, Hendrik Ziegler (eds.): Place des Victoires: histoire, architectur, société. 2003, p. 9. (books.google.de)
- ↑ Isabelle Dubois, Alexandre Gady, Hendrik Ziegler (eds.): La Place des Victoires . Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 2003, ISBN 3-05-003404-1 , p. 70.
- ^ Albert Erich Brinckmann: Place and Monument. 2012, p. 102 ff. (Books.google.de)
- ↑ underwent several name changes: rue Neuve Saint-Eustache (1633), rue Bourbon (from 1639), rue Saint-Côme and rue du Milieu du Fossé (before 1641), rue Bourbon-Villeneuve, rue Neuve Egalité (from 1792), rue d'Aboukir (from 1807), rue Bourbon-Villeneuve (1814), rue de Villeneuve (1830) and again rue d'Aboukir (from 1848)
- Jump up ↑ was initially called vielle Doucet, from 1728 today's name
- ↑ created by decree of June 22, 1685
Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 57 ″ N , 2 ° 20 ′ 28 ″ E