François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
François III d'Aubusson, Marshal of France, Karl Girardet , approx. 1830–1848, French Embassy in Brussels

François III. d'Aubusson de La Feuillade (born April 21, 1631 in Courpalay , † September 19, 1691 in Paris ) was a French nobleman and military man in the service of Louis XIV , who appointed him Marshal of France in 1675 . He is referred to as the 6th Duc de Roannais, although he never carried that title (he died before the 5th Duke), alternatively as the Duc de La Feuillade. The Place des Victoires , one of the five so-called “royal squares” of Paris, goes back to him .

Life

François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade was the fifth and youngest son of François II. D'Aubusson, Comte de La Feuillade († 1632) and Isabeau Brachet de Pérusse; the Comte de La Feuilade was a close advisor to Gaston de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans , who was heir to the French throne from 1610 (the accession of Louis XIII. ) to 1738 (the birth of Louis XIV.).

François III. d'Aubusson began his military career in 1649 as a captain in the regiment of the Duke of Orléans. During the Fronde (1648–1653) he was on the side of the regent (until 1651) Anna of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin . He was wounded in the Battle of Rethel (December 15, 1650), which was still part of the Fronde . In the Franco-Spanish War he fought on August 25, 1654 in the battle of Arras ; in the battle of Valenciennes (July 16, 1656) he was wounded and taken prisoner.

When the war against Spain ended in 1659, François d'Aubusson was governor of Crozet on the Swiss border. In the Turkish war of 1663/1664 he belonged to the French contingent under Jean de Coligny-Saligny , under whose command he fought in the battle of Mogersdorf (August 1, 1664).

In April 1667, Artus Gouffier (1627-1696), 5th Duc de Roannais, determined him to inherit his title and property when François d'Aubusson married his sister Charlotte de Gouffier († 1683) and on the occasion of the wedding and the establishment as Heirs paid 400,000 livres to his brother-in-law. Artus de Gouffier remained Duke and since he survived François d'Aubusson, he did not enjoy the title, but was referred to as leur-dit 6th Duc de Roannais and sometimes as Duc de La Feuillade until his death .

During the War of Devolution , he was part of the army under Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron , which captured Bergues , Veurne and Kortrijk in June and July 1667 . He then belonged to the French expeditionary force that was sent to Crete, which was under Venetian rule and besieged by the Ottomans ; in August 1669 the corps had to withdraw, the island submitted in September.

At the beginning of the Dutch War in 1672 he was appointed as the successor to the Duc de Gramont as colonel of the Régiment des Gardes françaises . He fought in the Netherlands and in 1674 in Franche-Comté and the siege of Besançon , captured Salins-les-Bains on July 22nd. In 1675 he was promoted to Marshal of France. In the same year he became governor of Dole , then the capital of Franche-Comté.

During the Messina uprising in January 1678, he was appointed French viceroy of Sicily to succeed Marshal Vivonne . The proclamation took place on February 28th, but his only task was to carry out the withdrawal of the French, which was completed on March 13th. On his return to France, he led his troops to Roussillon to support the siege of Puigcerdà .

The Peace of Nijmegen in 1678/79 ended both the Dutch War and Aubusson's military career, although he remained Colonel of the Guards Regiment (his successor after his death was Louis-François de Boufflers ). On July 3, 1678, he was appointed governor of the Dauphiné as the successor to the Duc de Lesdiguières , and on December 31, 1688, he was accepted into the Order of the Holy Spirit . In the last years of his life he devoted himself mainly to the construction of the Place des Victoires in Paris, which cost him around 7 million livres and ultimately ruined it; the work was not completed until 1696, after his death.

In his memoirs, Saint-Simon describes him as someone who achieved his status through flattery and submissiveness. The correctness of the statement can hardly be checked, however, since Saint-Simon was only 16 years old when Aubusson died and was also equally hostile to Louis XIV and all of his courtiers.

marriage and family

François d'Aubusson and Charlotte de Gouffier had three children:

  • Louis-Joseph-Georges (1670-1680)
  • Marie-Thérèse (1671–1692)
  • Louis (1673–1725), 1696 7th Duc de Roannais, 1724 Marshal of France; ∞ (1) 1692 Charlotte-Thérèse Phélypeaux (1675–1697), daughter of Balthazar Phélypeaux, Marquis de Châteauneuf, and Marguerite de Fourcy; ∞ (2) 1701 Marie-Thérèse Chamillard, daughter of Michel Chamillart and Élisabeth-Thérèse Le Rebours

François d'Aubusson died on September 19, 1691 in Paris and was buried in the cemetery of the Saint-Eustache church . In 1787, when the cemetery was closed, his bones were taken to the catacombs of Paris .

literature

  • Père Anselme , you Forny; Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, et des grands officiers de la Couronne , Volume 5; Compagnie des Libraires, 1750
  • Jeremy Black, The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution , Volume 2; Cambridge University Press , 2009
  • Maurice Labouré, Roanne et le Roannais, études historiques , Thèse pour le Doctorat d'université présentée à la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Lyon, 1957
  • Louis Moréri , Le grand dictionnaire historique ... , Volume 1, Libraires Associes, 1759, p. 497
  • Cathal Nolan, Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization , Greenwood, 2009

Web links

Commons : François III d'Aubusson  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The other royal squares of Paris are: Place des Vosges , Place Dauphine , Place Vendôme and Place de la Concorde
  2. ↑ Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint Simon, Saint-Simon. Mémoires (1711-1714). Additions au Journal de Dangeau , Éditions Gallimard, 1988, p. 678
  3. ^ Brian Fallon, "Review of Duc de Saint-Simon: Memoirs, Volume 1 (1691-1709), ed. and translated by Lucy Norton ”, in: The Irish Times, November 20, 1999, accessed December 20, 2018
  4. ^ Philippe Lefrançois, Paris basement , Coll. Encyclopédie pittoresque, Les Éditions internationales, 1950, p. 59
personal data
SURNAME Aubusson de La Feuillade, François d '
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aubusson, François III. d '; François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade, Duc de La Feuillade, Duc de Roannais
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman and military man, Governor of the Dauphiné, Marshal of France
DATE OF BIRTH April 21, 1631
PLACE OF BIRTH Courpalay
DATE OF DEATH September 19, 1691
Place of death Paris