Pomors
Pomors ( Russian помо́ры , transcribed pomóry ) is the name of a subgroup of the Russian ethnic group in northern Russia. The settlers who settled on the coast of the White Sea in the 12th century , as well as their descendants today, are referred to as pomors .
etymology
The name Pomoren is derived from the landscape name Pomorje , which describes a historical area on the White Sea. It is made up of the Russian words po (Russian по ) and more (Russian море ) and means by the sea . This means that the word has the same etymological meaning as the Slavic word Pomerania . For the first time the term appeared as word Pomorez in 1526 in Russian chronicles under the title "Pomorzy s morja Okijana is Kondolakskoi Guby prossili wmeste s lopljanami ustroistwa zerkwi" (Russ. "Поморцы с моря Окияна из Кондолакской губы просили вместе с лоплянами устройства церкви " ; translated Pomorzen from the sea Okijan [ocean] from the Kondolaksk bay asked together with Lopljanen for the building of a church ). With the establishment of the administrative unit Pomorje , the term Pomoren was often incorrectly used as a synonym for all peoples of the governorates of Olonez , Arkhangelsk and Vologda .
history
As early as the 12th century, Slavic explorers from the principalities of Novgorod and Rostov-Suzdal advanced into Bjarmeland , which was populated by the Finno-Ugric peoples . From the 14th century, the first permanent settlements were established along the sea coast and on the banks of the Northern Dvina. The settlers called Pomors explored the coastal region of the Barents Sea , the Kola Peninsula , Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya . With their ships the Pomor reached behind the Ural Mountains to northern Siberia , where the east in 1601 Yamal Peninsula , the commercial city Mangaseya founded. The Pomors maintained the northern trade route between Arkhangelsk and Siberia. Before the rise of Arkhangelsk in the late 16th century, their main city was Kholmogory .
The traditional way of life of the Pomors was based on fishing , whaling and hunting . In the tundra regions they also hunted fur and ranched reindeer . The sea trade in grain and fish to Norway was important to them. This trade was so intense that from around 1750 a Russian-Norwegian pidgin language known as Russenorsk developed . The well-known pomors included Mikhail Lomonossow , Fedot Schubin , Semyon Deschnjow and Erofei Khabarov .
Status today
In 2002, the pomors were included for the first time as a subgroup of the Russian ethnic group in the All-Russian census. In the 2002 census, 6,571 people identified themselves as pomors, 6,295 of them in Arkhangelsk Oblast and 127 in Murmansk Oblast . However, all attempts by the Pomors to be regarded as an indigenous people of the Russian north and to be included in the Uniform Register of Indigenous Small Peoples of Russia have so far been unsuccessful .
attachment
Individual evidence
- ↑ Иван Матвеевич Ульянов: О происхождении названия "поморы» From: Страна Помория, 1984 ( Memento of the original on 10 December 2008 at the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian)
- ↑ Article on businesspress.ru Деловая пресса: СРЕДИ ГУБЕРНАТОРОВ ПОЯВИЛСЯ НАСТОЯЩИЙ ПОМОР , October 16, 2002 (Russian)
- ↑ Composition of the population of Russia by nationality on the page of the All-Russian census of 2002 (Russian; MS Excel ; 52 kB)
- ↑ Composition of the population of Russian subjects by nationality on the page of the All-Russian census of 2002 (Russian; MS Excel ; 884 kB)
- ↑ Поморы обратились с жалобой в Верховный суд (Архангельская область) On: regnum.ru of October 18, 2006 (Russian)
literature
- Pomorskaja ėnciklopedija: Tom 1 Istorija Archangel'skogo Severa . Pomorskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, Arkhangelsk 2001, ISBN 5-88086-147-3 , p. 317
Web links
- Detailed article on the Pomorian shipbuilding and expeditions Вера Кочина: Кочи на поморье From: «Экспедиция», 2004 (Russian)
- Official website of the Pomormuseet in Vardø with a lot of information (Russian / Norwegian)
- The Pomors report of the radio station "Voice of Russia"