Portuguese oak

Portuguese oak
	Portuguese oak ( Quercus faginea )
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Beech-like (Fagales)
Family :	Beech family (Fagaceae)
Genre :	Oak trees ( Quercus )
Type :	Portuguese oak
Scientific name
	Quercus faginea
	Lam.

The Portuguese oak ( Quercus faginea ), also Zenneiche called, is a plant of the genus of oak ( Quercus ) in the family of the beech plants (Fagaceae).

description

Trunk with bark and branches

Branch with leaves

Vegetative characteristics

Quercus faginea is a medium-sized deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree that reaches heights of growth of up to 20 meters and trunk diameters of up to 80 centimeters. The bark is gray-brown. The trees reach an age of up to 600 years.

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 4 to 20 millimeters long. The leaf blade is ovate, elliptical or obovate-oblong (rarely up to 15 cm long and 5 centimeters wide), glossy dark green to gray-green on the with a length of 4 to 10 centimeters and a width of 1.2 to 4 centimeters Upper side and hairy to varying degrees and therefore grayish-white; the leaf margins have five to twelve pairs of irregular teeth. The leaves are typically shed in mid-winter to late winter.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from March to April, in most locations before the flowering period of the holm oak , which is found in the same areas. The flowers are arranged in catkins . The male catkins are slender, drooping and contain many flowers. The female catkins contain few flowers.

The acorns are oval to egg-shaped, 2 to 2.5 inches long, and mature over 6 months, so that they fall off in September or October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

ecology

The pollination is carried by the wind.

Quercus faginea develops plant galls , comparable to other species, from parasitic gall wasps . The galls are brown, 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter, and are characterized by a spongy, corky interior.

Systematics and occurrence

Quercus faginea was first published in 1785 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique , 1, page 725. The specific epithet faginea refers to a similarity of the foliage leaves to beech ( Fagus ). A homonym is Quercus faginea Ten. ( Published by Michele Tenore in Sylloge Plantarum Vascularium Florae Neapolitanae , page 469, 1831 ). Synonyms for Quercus faginea Lam. are: Quercus lusitanica subsp. faginea (Lam.) A.DC. , Quercus faginea subsp. eufaginea A. Camus , Quercus faginea var. vulgaris A. Camus .

Quercus faginea belongs to the Quercus section in the subgenus Quercus within the genus Quercus .

Quercus faginea often forms hybrids with species such as Quercus canariensis and downy oak ( Quercus pubescens ), which means that the identification is often uncertain.

Of Quercus faginea there are three subspecies :

Quercus faginea Lam. subsp. faginea (Syn .: Quercus alpestris Boiss. , Quercus lusitanica var. brevipetiolata A.DC. , Quercus lusitanica subsp. alpestris (Boiss.) Nyman , Quercus lusitanica var. alpestris (Boiss.) Cout. , Quercus faginea var. subpinnatifida (Cout .) A.Camus , Quercus alpestris var. Microcarpa (Cout.) A.Camus , Quercus alpestris var. Salicifolia (Cout.) A.Camus , Quercus alpestris var. Vulgaris (Cout.) A.Camus , Quercus faginea var. Brevicupulata (Cout.) A.Camus , Quercus faginea var. bullata (Cout.) A.Camus , Quercus faginea var. spinifolius dairymen ex A.Camus , Quercus faginea var. suboccultata (Cout.) A.Camus , Quercus × vill arianabauer A. Camus , Quercus lusitanica var. salicifolia (Cout.) C.Vicioso , Quercus lusitanica var. suboccultata (Cout.) C.Vicioso , Quercus lusitanica var. vulgaris (Cout.) C.Vicioso , Quercus faginea var. salicifolia (Cout). Franco & Vasc. , Quercus faginea subsp. Alpestris (Boiss.) Maire ): It occurs on the Iberian Peninsula and Mallorca . It thrives at altitudes of 1900 meters and in different climates and soils.
Quercus faginea subsp. maroccana (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) FMVázquez & Coombes (Syn .: Quercus lusitanica var. maroccana Braun-Blanq. & Maire , Quercus faginea var. maroccana (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Maire , Quercus × tlemcenensis var. maroccana ( Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Villar , Quercus maroccana (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Villar , Quercus faginea var. Submembranacea (Cout.) A. Camus , Quercus lusitanica var. Submembranacea (Cout.) C. Vicioso ): This new combination took place in 2016. The subspecies occurs in Spain, southern Portugal and Morocco .
Quercus faginea subsp. oscensis (P.Monts.) FMVázquez (Syn .: Quercus faginea var. oscensis P.Monts. ): It occurs in northern Spain.

The Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi (Cout.) A.Camus (Syn .: Quercus broteroi (Cout.) Rivas Mart. & Sáenz de Rivas ) is seen as a separate species → Quercus tlemcenensis ( (A.DC.) Trab. non Villar ): It is coming in north-west Africa and in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula.

Common names

Trivial names in different languages are:

Catalan : roure de fulla petita, galler, roure garriguenc, roure valencià
Spanish : quejigo, roble carrasqueño, roble valenciano
Arabic : سنديان زاني

use

The wood is used as firewood and construction wood. The acorns are used in the acorn fattening of the Iberian pigs for the production of Jamón Ibérico . The Portuguese oak is occasionally used as an ornamental plant.

swell

literature

J. do Amaral Franco: Quercus. In: Santiago Castroviejo, M. Laínz, G. López González, P. Montserrat, F. Muñoz Garmendia, J. Paiva & L. Villar (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. II. Platanaceae-Plumbaginaceae (partim) . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1990, ISBN 84-00-07034-8 , p. 15–36 ( PDF file ).
Otto Schwarz: Quercus L. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmonson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd Edition. Volume I. Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 72–76 ( Quercus faginea on p. 75 in the Google book search).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Otto Schwarz: Quercus L. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmonson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd Edition. Volume I. Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 72–76 ( Quercus faginea on p. 75 in the Google book search).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d WJ Bean: Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles , 8th edition, revised. John Murray 1976.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d K. Rushforth: Trees of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins 1999, ISBN 0-00-220013-9 .
↑ Quercus faginea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b Quercus faginea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved October 22, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Quercus faginea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 13, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Portuguese oak ( Quercus faginea ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[FloraEuropaea1993-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Otto Schwarz: Quercus L. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmonson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd Edition. Volume I. Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 72–76 ( Quercus faginea on p. 75 in the Google book search).

[Bean1976-2] WJ Bean: Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles , 8th edition, revised. John Murray 1976.

[Rushforth1999-3] K. Rushforth: Trees of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins 1999, ISBN 0-00-220013-9 .

[IPCN-4] Quercus faginea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Tropicos-5] Quercus faginea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved October 22, 2017.

[WCSP-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Quercus faginea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 13, 2020.