President of Romania

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President of Romania
Standard of the President
Standard of the President
President Klaus Johannis
Acting President
Klaus Johannis
since December 21, 2014
Official seat Cotroceni Castle in Bucharest
Term of office 5 years
(re-election possible once)
Creation of office March 28, 1974
Last choice November 2 and
November 16, 2014
website www.presidency.ro

The President of Romania (officially Romanian : Președintele României ) is the head of state of Romania . His official residence is at Cotroceni Castle in Bucharest . The current president has been Klaus Johannis since December 2014 . He won the runoff to the presidential election against Victor Ponta . He has taken over from Traian Băsescu , who has been President since 2004. According to the constitution, Băsescu was not allowed to seek a third term.

Constitutional position

According to the current 1991 constitution , the president is the head of state. He represents the Romanian state and is the guarantor of national independence , unity and territorial integrity of the country. He also monitors compliance with the constitution and the correct functioning of the public authorities . To this end, the President acts as a mediator between the powers of the state and between the state and society .

Competencies

The Romanian President has the following powers and duties: The President

  • appoints a candidate for the office of prime minister and appoints the government if it has previously received parliamentary confidence
  • convene and appoint in the event of government reshuffle or vacancy of a ministerial post to the proposal of the Prime Minister, some members of the government
  • can consult the government about pressing issues
  • may attend meetings of the government at which problems of national interest relating to foreign policy, national defense, public order are discussed and, at the request of the Prime Minister, in other situations
  • presides over the meetings of the government in which he attends
  • represents Romania in meetings of the European Council
  • sends messages to Parliament on the nation's major political problems
  • can hold a referendum on issues of national interest after consulting Parliament
  • concludes the international treaties negotiated by the government and submits them to parliament for ratification within 60 days
  • can certify or remove diplomatic representatives at the proposal of the government
  • has supreme command of the country's armed forces
  • may declare partial or general mobilization of the army with the prior approval of Parliament
  • In the event of armed aggression directed against the country, it takes measures to repel it and immediately brings this to the attention of Parliament through a message
  • according to the law, declares a state of siege or a state of emergency for the whole country or for some localities and asks Parliament for approval of the measure taken no later than 5 days after its adoption
  • awards awards and honorary degrees
  • confers the degrees of Marshal , General, and Admiral
  • appoints public officials under the conditions provided by law
  • can grant pardons
  • may, in the exercise of its powers, issue decrees published in the Official Journal .

Dissolution of parliament

After questioning the two chambers, the President can dissolve Parliament if it does not give the vote of confidence in the formation of a government within 60 days of the first request and only after rejecting at least two requests and the investiture. However, Parliament can only be dissolved once in a year. In addition, it cannot be disbanded during the last six months of the presidential term, or during the time of siege or emergency.

choice

The President is elected by direct election for a term of five years. The basis for this is the general, equal and secret right to vote . Re-election is only permitted for one further term.

The candidate is considered elected if, in the first round of voting, the majority of votes of the voters entered in the electoral roll is won.

Should no candidate achieve the required majority in the first round of voting, a second ballot will be held between the two candidates who received the most votes. The candidate who receives the majority of the votes is then considered elected.

The result of the election will then be declared valid by the Constitutional Court .

Swearing in

Before taking office, the elected president must take the following oath before the two houses of parliament :

“Jur să-mi dăruiesc toată puterea și priceperea pentru propășirea spirituală și materială a poporului român, să respect Constituția și legile țării, să apăr democrația, drepturile i libertățile fundamentale c, indep Aşa să-mi ajute Dumnezeu! "

“I swear to devote all my strength and all my ability to the spiritual and material prosperity of the Romanian people, to comply with the constitution and the laws of the country, democracy, the fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity Defend Romania. So help me God! "

Term of office

The regular term of office lasts five years and begins on the day the President takes his oath in front of Parliament. An incumbent president's mandate ends on the day the newly elected president takes his oath. The term of office can be extended by law in the event of war or disaster .

An incumbent president may not be a member of any party or exercise any other public or private function.

Immunity and indictment

The President has immunity throughout his term of office .

The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate can jointly resolve an indictment of high treason against the President with a majority of two thirds of all deputies and senators . The approved indictment will then be dealt with by the Supreme Court and Cassation Court . Should the President be finally convicted, he will be removed from office from the date of the judgment.

Impeachment proceedings

Should the President take action that violates the Constitution, he can be suspended from his office by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate in a joint session with a majority of votes of the Deputies and Senators, after consulting the Constitutional Court . The President can speak to Parliament on the actions of which he is accused.

The motion for removal from office can be initiated by at least one third of the total number of MPs and senators. If the application is approved, a referendum must take place within 30 days at the latest , in which the eligible voters can vote for or against the removal of the president.

vacancy

The office of President is considered vacant in the event of resignation , impeachment, impossibility of exercising powers or in the event of death. Should the office become vacant in the above-mentioned cases, the government must organize new presidential elections within 30 days from the date of the vacancy.

The office of president can only be temporarily vacant if the president is suspended from office or if he is unable to exercise his powers. In these cases, the office is temporarily taken over by the President of the Senate or the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Should the President of the Senate or the President of the Chamber of Deputies take over the office of President temporarily, he cannot hold referenda on national issues or dissolve Parliament.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Official website of the President of Romania , accessed October 7, 2014.
  2. ↑ www.verfassungen.eu