Stubborn bullheads

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Stubborn bullheads
Psychrolutes phrictus

Psychrolutes phrictus

Systematics
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Perch-like (Perciformes)
Subordination : Cottoidei
Partial order : Bull relatives (Cottales)
Family : Stubborn bullheads
Scientific name
Psychrolutidae
Günther , 1861

The thick head or tadpole globules (Psychrolutidae) live in the Indian Ocean , in the Atlantic and in the Pacific , on the ground, from coastal waters to depths of up to 2800 meters. The sea ​​scorpion ( Myoxocephalus scorpius ), the four-horned sea scorpion ( Myoxocephalus quadricornis ) and the long-spiked sea scorpion ( Taurulus bubalis ) live on the European Atlantic coasts as well as in the North and Baltic Seas .

features

The fish can be 7 to 70 centimeters long, depending on the species. Their head is armored with bone plates, the body is scaly and partially covered with thorny bone plates. The side line is short and has a maximum of 20 pores. The pelvic fins are small and have only one hard and three soft fin rays .

Systematics

Two subfamilies have been established, but they may not represent monophyla :

Subfamily Cottunculinae

In the subfamily Cottunculinae, the head is strongly ossified and often provided with head spines. The edges of the interorbitalia are hard, the interpupillary distance less than twice the diameter of the eyes. The body and fins are usually not of the same color.

Ambophthalmos angustus
Polar tadpole group ( Cottunculus microps )
Eurymen gyrinus

Subfamily Psychrolutinae

Ebinania costaecanariae
Neophrynichthys latus
Psychrolutes inermis
Psychrolutes marcidus

In the subfamily Psychrolutinae, the head is slightly ossified and without head spines. The edges of the interorbitalia are soft, and the distance between the eyes is greater than twice the diameter of the eyes. The body and fins are usually the same color.

Antipodocottus megalops
Artediellus scaber
Enophrys bison (front), the yellow fish in the background is a rock bass from the genus Sebastes
Sea scorpion ( Myoxocephalus scorpius )
Pseudoblennius percoides
Zesticelus bathybius

Ex-Cottidae

In addition to these nine genera and 41 species since mid-2014 after a revision of Cottoidei numerous other, originally the bullheads belonging (Cottidae) marine Gropp genres, as well as the Antarctic bullhead (previously Family Bathylutichthyidae) placed in the family Psychrolutidae, so the family now Includes 64 genera and 214 species.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ W. Leo Smith & Morgan S. Busby: Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Sculpins, Sandfishes, and Snailfishes (Perciformes: Cottoidei) with Comments on the Phylogenetic Significance of their Early-Life-History Specializations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, July 8, 2014, DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.06.028
  2. ↑ Betancur-R, R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deepfin.org

Web links

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