Coup in Mali 2012

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Protests in Mali against the military , April 2012

The 2012 coup in Mali is a coup by soldiers of the Malian armed forces led by Captain Amadou Sanogo in Mali .

course

Beginning

Amadou Toumani Touré

The coup began on March 21, 2012 with a mutiny by disaffected soldiers who accused President Amadou Toumani Touré of inability to fight the Tuareg uprising in the north of the country. The next day the presidential palace was surrounded. President Touré fled to an unknown location with loyal soldiers. However, the putschists were able to arrest ten members of the government, including Foreign Minister Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga . The coup plotters imposed a curfew from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., suspended the constitution and closed all border crossings and Bamako Airport . The presidential election planned for April 2012 has been suspended. The putschists founded the Comité national pour le redressement de la démocratie et la restauration de l'état ("National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and the State"), or CNRDR for short.

International reactions

Internationally, the coup triggered sharp criticism; The German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle called for the renunciation of further violence and a return to constitutional order. The French Foreign Minister Alain Juppé also condemned the coup and called for respect for democracy and the constitution. He called for the restoration of order and the holding of the upcoming elections. The UN Security Council asked the soldiers to return to the barracks. President Touré's safety must be guaranteed. Several European countries have issued travel warnings for Mali , including Germany and Austria .

On March 29, 2012, the countries of the West African Economic Community (ECOWAS) gave the coup plotters a three-day ultimatum to restore constitutional order and reinstate the old government. Otherwise, the borders with Mali would be closed, trading would cease and Mali's accounts at the Central Bank of West Africa would be blocked. A delegation had previously attempted to contact the coup plotters, but was stopped on the approach to Bamako airport . On April 3, ECOWAS finally suspended Mali's membership.

negotiations

In response to international pressure, coup leader Amadou Sanogo declared the constitution to be restored on April 1 and promised democratic elections. A national assembly should be convened to prepare for the elections. However, a schedule was not disclosed. In the days before, Kidal , Gao and Timbuktu, all of the larger cities in northern Mali had been captured by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad , so that the northern part of the country was completely controlled by the insurgents. On April 6, Sanogo finally agreed to a framework agreement with ECOWAS to transfer power to a civilian government. The Malian parliamentary president Dioncounda Traoré is supposed to take over a transitional presidency and organize new elections within 40 days. In return, ECOWAS ends its sanctions. To enable this step, the former President Touré officially announced his resignation on April 8th.

Meanwhile, on April 6, the Tuareg rebels unilaterally declared the independence of the Azawad . However, recognition by other states has not yet taken place; the neighboring African and Arab states have announced that they will not recognize Azawad as independent in the future either.

On April 17, state television announced that Cheick Modibo Diarra would lead the interim government as prime minister. Diarra was Chairman of the Africa division at Microsoft until the end of 2011. He was planning to run in the presidential election originally scheduled for April 29, 2012.

On April 25th, Diarra presented his 24-member interim cabinet. Three members are in the military. You hold offices in the areas of defense, home affairs and civil protection.

New clashes and arrest of the Malian prime minister

The fighting flared up again at the beginning of May when soldiers of the putschists tried to arrest the former chief of staff of the ousted president and in charge of the presidential guard, Abidine Guindo. On May 1, for example, several people were killed in firefights between soldiers of the putschists and members of the presidential guard, especially at the headquarters of the state radio and television broadcaster ORTM. The building had been occupied by the coup plotters at the beginning of the coup. In the evening, members of the presidential guard occupied the road between Bamako and the military base in Kati , where the headquarters of the coup plotters are.

On May 21, young demonstrators entered the presidential palace with almost no resistance and beat up interim President Dioncounda Traoré. The 70-year-old sustained injuries to his head, chest and back and temporarily lost consciousness.

The putschists challenged the international agreements again. On the night of May 23, they appointed their leader Amadou Haya Sanogo as the new interim president. Dioncounda Traoré flew to France for medical treatment.

After being arrested by the military on December 10, 2012, Modibo Diarra made a statement on state television on the morning of December 11, declaring his resignation and the resignation of his entire cabinet .

Expansion of the conflict and French military intervention

Launched by the MNLA claimed Azawad occupies the entire north-eastern part of Mali a

After the forced resignation of Diarra, who was considered an advocate of an international military operation, Traoré appointed Django Sissoko as the new prime minister a day later . Sissoko, who was General Secretary of President Touré until 2011, named the reconquest of the north and the holding of elections as goals. On the part of the Islamist Tuareg of Ansar Dine , this personal decision was viewed as a “positive act”, but it was not enough to prevent “torments of war”. Subsequently, Sissoko generously allocated four portfolios to the military in his cabinet, including those for defense and internal security. Three ministerial posts were also awarded to those regions in the north that are held by radical Islamists.

At the same time, French President François Hollande , in agreement with the USA, also pushed for an international military mission in Mali. He visited the northern neighboring country of Algeria , where, in a speech to the two chambers of the Algerian parliament, he assessed the colonial era as “unjust and brutal” and began to initiate friendly cooperation with Algeria. On December 20, 2012, the United Nations Security Council voted unanimously in favor of a military operation in Mali with Resolution 2085, which was drafted by France and supported by the USA, Great Britain, Morocco and Togo. A military intervention by troops of the West African Economic Community (ECOWAS) against the Islamist rebels in the north was planned. At the same time, the resolution called on the Malian interim government to hold political talks "to fully restore constitutional order" and to hold parliamentary and presidential elections before April 2013.

The resolution was followed on December 23, 2012 by an announcement by a leader of Ansar Dine that he would destroy all remaining mausoleums of Islamic saints in Timbuktu. At the same time, the Malian government was preparing talks with the two rebel groups Ansar Dine and the Tuareg rebels of the National Movement for the Liberation of the Azawad (MNLA) with the assistance of Burkinabe President Blaise Compaoré . According to military reports, in early January 2013 the Malian army used artillery to attack the rebels pushing south near Mopti for the first time since April 2012 . An army spokesman described the barrage as "warning shots". A little later, Boni Yayi , President of Benin and Chairman of the African Union , called on NATO to conduct a military operation in northern Mali.

After the rebels took the town of Konna, near the strategically important city of Mopti, the President of the Malian interim government made an official request for military aid to France on January 10, 2013. François Hollande followed suit immediately, as he announced a day later. Since the afternoon of January 11th, the French army has been intervening in Mali ( Opération Serval ). Hollande announced that the French parliament would deal with the military operation on January 14th. It is the first foreign deployment of French troops since Hollande's inauguration in May 2012. At the same time, Mali's President Traoré declared a state of emergency on the evening of 11 January.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Mali does not calm down after the coup. In: Southeastern Switzerland . March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012 .
  2. ↑ Mali: Travel and safety information (partial travel warning). In: Foreign Office . Retrieved March 24, 2012 .
  3. ↑ Mali: UN Security Council strongly condemns coup. In: The press . March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Mali's neighboring states give putschists an ultimatum. In: Zeit Online . March 30, 2012, accessed March 30, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Putschists in Mali announce elections. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 2, 2012, Retrieved April 2, 2012 .
  6. ↑ Mali coup leaders to stand down as part of the Ecowas deal. In: BBC . April 7, 2012, accessed April 7, 2012 .
  7. ↑ Mali's president resigns after coup. In: tagesschau.de . April 9, 2012, archived from the original on April 10, 2012 ; Retrieved April 9, 2012 .
  8. ^ Tuareg proclaim their own state in northern Mali. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 6, 2012, accessed April 6, 2012 .
  9. ^ After the military coup - Mali appoints new prime minister sueddeutsche.de
  10. ↑ Dr. Cheick Modibo Diarra ( Memento from July 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ^ Profiles: Mali's Cheick Modibo Diarra
  12. ↑ A month after the coup, the interim government formed in Mali. In: news.orf.at. April 26, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Failure to return to normal in Mali
  14. ↑ Mali's interim president released from hospital
  15. ↑ No end to the power struggle in Mali: President beaten half to death in the palace
  16. ↑ Malian interim president traveled to France for treatment - WELT ONLINE
  17. ↑ WELT ONLINE
  18. ↑ Mali's head of government resigns in: Handelsblatt of December 11, 2012
  19. ↑ Involuntary resignation in Mali Mali's Prime Minister Diarra arrested in: Frankfurter Rundschau online from December 11, 2012
  20. ^ A new Prime Minister in Mali . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , December 13, 2012, No. 291, p. 6.
  21. ↑ Mali: Cissoko presents new cabinet at faz.net, December 16, 2012 (accessed January 12, 2013).
  22. ↑ Hermann, Rainer: Time is running out . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , December 21, 2012, No. 298, p. 10.
  23. ^ Wiegel, Michaela: State visit to Algeria: Hollande describes the colonial era as "unjust and brutal" at faz.net, December 20, 2012 (accessed on January 12, 2013).
  24. ↑ Fight against rebel groups: UN Security Council approves military operation in Mali at sueddeutsche.de, December 20, 2012 (accessed on January 12, 2013).
  25. ↑ Destruction of mausoleums in Mali . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , December 24, 2012, No. 300, p. 5.
  26. ↑ Malian army stops the advance of the Islamists . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , January 9, 2013, No. 7, p. 1.
  27. ↑ Abroad in brief . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , January 10, 2013, No. 8, p. 5.
  28. ^ Entry into the civil war French troops are fighting in Mali at faz.net, January 11, 2013 (accessed January 12, 2013).