Green-flowered wintergreen

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Green-flowered wintergreen
Green-flowered wintergreen (Pyrola chlorantha)

Green-flowered wintergreen ( Pyrola chlorantha )

Systematics
Asterids
Order : Heather-like (Ericales)
Family : Heather family (Ericaceae)
Subfamily : Monotropoideae
Genre : Wintergreen ( Pyrola )
Type : Green-flowered wintergreen
Scientific name
Pyrola chlorantha
Sw.

The green-flowered wintergreen ( Pyrola chlorantha ), also greenish wintergreen , is a plant species from the genus Wintergreen ( Pyrola ) in the subfamily of wintergreen and spruce asparagus plants ( Monotropoideae ) within the heather family (Ericaceae). It is common in the northern hemisphere .

description

Infructescence shortly after anthesis
Basal leaf rosette and stalked leaves
blossoms

Vegetative characteristics

Green-flowered wintergreen grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 25, rarely up to 30 centimeters. It forms a basal leaf rosette . The basal leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple, dark green and coarse leaf blades are 2 to 3 centimeters long and roundish-spatulate with an often edged upper end. As with all Pyrola species, they are evergreen.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in Central Europe is mainly in June (end of May to July). The inflorescence shaft is often reddish and sharp square at the base. Four to twelve nodding flowers stand together in an all-round inflorescence . The flowers are open-bell-shaped with a double flower envelope . The triangular calyx lobes are 1.5 to 2 millimeters long. The petals are greenish-white or light green. The stylus are sloping downwards and are 6 to 7 millimeters long as the crown and longer than the ovary .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

ecology

The green-flowered wintergreen is a hemicryptophyte . There is a vegetative reproduction via runners.

Like all wintergreen plants, the green-flowered wintergreen lives in symbiosis with a root fungus ( mycorrhiza ). This surrounds the roots with a dense mycelium coat and supplies the plant with water and mineral salts, while the fungus receives carbohydrates . The mycorrhiza also seems to be of decisive importance for the development of the seedlings.

Usually self-pollination takes place.

Occurrence and endangerment

Green-flowered wintergreen is common in the northern hemisphere in each Nordic-continental region, both within Eurasia and from North America . The western border of its Eurasian distribution area runs through Germany . Somewhat more regular occurrences are only found in parts of the northeast German lowlands and the more eastern low mountain ranges (e.g. in Franconia ). Overall, however, it is a very rare plant species whose populations are in decline as a result of the extensive eutrophication of the Central European landscape and intensive forestry .

The semi-shady, warm summer locations are characterized by nutrient-poor, alkaline-rich, neutral-acid, musty-humic sandy or loamy soils; in low mountain ranges, for example, the modern layer is also settled over shell limestone or malm . Green-flowered wintergreen grows in the moss-rich herb layer of dry pine forests (Dicrano-Pinion) and mixed spruce forests. The green-flowered wintergreen is a character species of the Pyrolo-Pinetum from the Cytiso-Pinion association in Central Europe ; nationally it is a character species of the class Pulsatillo-Pinetea. A socialization with other wintergreen plants, for example the pear green ( Orthilia secunda ), the moss eye ( Moneses uniflora ), the umbellate winter love ( Chimaphila umbellata ) or with the spruce asparagus ( Monotropa hypopitys ) can occasionally be observed.

In Germany in 1996 the green-flowered wintergreen was classified as "endangered". In individual federal states with occurrences of green-flowered wintergreen, the Red List category is usually higher (“critically endangered” or “threatened with extinction”), only in Bavaria and Brandenburg also “endangered”.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Pyrola chlorantha was in 1810 by Olof Peter Swartz . A synonym for Pyrola chlorantha Sw. is Pyrola virens Körte .

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literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 3–4 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Heinz Ellenberg : Pointer values ​​of the vascular plants of Central Europe. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. In: Scripta Geobotanica. Volume 9, Erich Goltze, Göttingen 1979, ISBN 3-88452-518-2 .
  • Eckhard Garve: Distribution atlas of the fern and flowering plants in Lower Saxony and Bremen. In: Nature conservation and landscape management in Lower Saxony. Volume 43, Hannover 2007, ISBN 3-922321-68-2 .
  • Werner Rothmaler (greeter), Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel: Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: Vascular Plants. 12th edition. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1983.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  727 .

Web links

Commons : Grünblütiges Wintergrün ( Pyrola chlorantha )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files