Quercus wislizeni

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Quercus wislizeni
Branch with leaves and acorn. The leaf margins are sometimes more prickly than smooth.

Branch with leaves and acorn. The leaf margins are sometimes more prickly than smooth.

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eurosiden I
Order : Beech-like (Fagales)
Family : Beech family (Fagaceae)
Genre : Oak trees ( Quercus )
Type : Quercus wislizeni
Scientific name
Quercus wislizeni
A.DC.

Quercus wislizeni is a species of oak ( Quercus ) within the beech family(Fagaceae).

description

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Typical growth habit

Vegetative characteristics

Quercus wislizeni grows as an evergreen large shrub or tree , with heights of up to 22 meters. However, in its main area of distribution , the foothills and lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada, it rarely reaches heights of growth of more than 10 meters. Quercus wislizeni is very variable and often found as a shrub.

The dark green leaves appear gray from a distance, are about 2 to 5 centimeters long, thick and often thorny in specimens at higher altitudes, especially in young specimens.

Branch with young leaves and catkins

Generative characteristics

The male flowers are grouped in catkins , the female flowers are in the leaf axils.

The acorns are 1 to 2 centimeters long and do not mature until the second growing season (around 18 months after fertilization ).

Distribution areas of Quercus wislizeni and Quercus parvula

Occurrence and endangerment

Quercus wislizeni is native to many areas from California and south to Baja California in Mexico . Quercus wislizeni grows generally in the hills, is strongest in the foothills and lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada represented, but also comes in the Pacific Coast Ranges ─ where they as a separate species since 1980 Quercus parvula is out ─ and in the San Gabriel Mountains before . The IUCN classifies the species as “not endangered” (“least concern”).

Systematics

Taxonomy

Although Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle called it "wislizenii" in his description, some sources such as Jensen in the Flora of North America used the specific epithet wislizeni . According to Article 60C.2 of the ICN, the correct spelling is an "i". Wislizenus' specimen was believed by De Candolle to be collected in Chihuahua , Mexico. The German-American botanist George Engelmann , however, later corrected the location to the US headwaters of the Sacramento River near Auburn (California) . The specific epithet wislizeni honors its discoverer Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus .

The Californian doctor and botanist (and one of the founding fathers of the California Academy of Sciences) Albert Kellogg described an oak in a publication in 1855 as Quercus arcoglandis (oak with a pointed acorn), apparently the same species as Quercus wislizeni. The naming would have been clearly earlier than that of de Candolle in 1864 and the name would have priority in the nomenclature, should the species actually turn out to be the same. There is still a lot of research missing to resolve this taxonomic conflict.

Quercus wislizeni belongs to the Lobatae ("red oak") section.

Varieties

Depending on the author, there are about two varieties of Quercus wislizeni :

  • Quercus wislizeni A.DC. var. wislizeni
  • Quercus wislizeni var. Frutescens Engelm. However, this is an invalid taxon . Engelmann's description of the variety is almost identical to de Candolle's description of the species, while Engelmann's description of the species largely matches that of Kellogg via Quercus morehus .

Synonyms

  • Quercus wislizenii A.DC.

hybrid

Quercus wislizeni hybridizes with the California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) (= Quercus × morehus , English Abram's oak ). All California red oaks show evident evidence of introgression and / or hybridization between species .

A common common species is the Digger pine ( Pinus sabiniana ).

Common names

Common English names are interior live oak, Sierra live oak.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle: Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis , Volume 16 (2.1) 1864.
  2. ↑ Plant Name Details for Quercus wislizeni . In: IPNI . Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  3. ↑ a b c Quercus wislizeni at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  4. ↑ Thomas J. Rosatti, John M. Tucker: Quercus wislizeni INTERIOR LIVE OAK . In: The Jepson Herbarium . University of California , Berkeley. 2014. Accessed July 31, 2019.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Kevin C. Nixon: Quercus wislizenii A. de Candolle in AP de Candolle and ALP de Candolle, Prodr. 16 (2): 67. 1864 . In: Flora of North America @ eFloras.org . Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  6. ↑ Quercus wislizeni A. DC. . In: The Calflora Database . Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria. 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  7. ^ Nixon: "A Systematic Study of Quercus parvula Greene on Santa Cruz Island and Mainland California," Master's Thesis 1980.
  8. ↑ a b Quercus parvula . In: The Jepson Herbarium . University of California , Berkeley. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  9. ↑ Quercus wislizeni . IUCN . 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  10. ↑ J. McMeill et al. (Ed.): International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants  (= Regnum Vegetabile), Volume 154. Koeltz Scientific Books, 2012, ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6 .
  11. ↑ Albert Kellogg: Quercus arcoglandis . In: Proc. Calif. Acad. . 1, No. 1, 1855.
  12. ^ Georg Engelmann: Q. wislizeni A.DC. var. frutescens . In: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis . 3, 1878.
  13. ^ A b Duncan A. Hauser, Al Keuter, John D. McVay, Andrew L. Hipp, Paul S. Manos: The evolution and diversification of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae) . In: Am. J. Bot . 104, October 2017, pp. 1581–1595.

Web links

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