Römerschanze (Grünwald)

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Römerschanze near Grünwald:
ramparts (left, right) and ditch (middle)
View from the Römerschanze
Römerschanze above the Isar bend (historical map)
Map from 1910
Depiction of Linbrunn 1764: Isar with the Georgenstein, which was not yet so named, below the Römerschanze

The Römerschanze is a pre- medieval to high medieval section fortification on the eastern Isar high bank above the Georgenstein , about two kilometers south of the community Grünwald in the community-free area Grünwalder Forst in the district of Munich . The extensive ground monument goes back to a Roman guard station and settlement. The castle square was expanded in the early Middle Ages and used until the high Middle Ages.

history

In the late Roman Empire there was a fortified watch or road station on the tongue of the site high above the Isar crossing of the Via Julia between Augsburg and Salzburg . Settlement remains are evidence of clay half-timbered houses on stone plinths, some of which housed small craft businesses. A Roman road bridge can be detected north of the ramparts, remnants of the ancient road connection have been preserved on both banks. In 1979 a gold coin ( solidus ) with the portrait of Emperor Magnentius was recovered from the wall area.

In the 10th century, a huge earth wall with a deep outer trench was raised on the plateau. Such huge wall fortifications are generally dated to the time of the Hungarian Wars . The embankment is said to be over the foundations of a mortar stone wall.

In the High Middle Ages, a small, ground-level mansion was built behind the early medieval main wall . For this purpose, the north-western part of the ski jump was secured by an additional, sickle-shaped moat. This high medieval castle complex is not mentioned in any contemporary written sources.

description

Above the famous Georgenstein , a north-west facing spur juts out of the plateau. In the west, the steep slope to the Isar valley protects the Burgplatz. To the east, three arched section walls with trenches in front of them can be seen on the plateau. The western moat is only about one meter high.

The middle main wall, with a wall height of around 10 meters and the deep ditch in front, corresponds to comparable " Hungarian walls " of the first half of the 10th century AD. Numerous examples of such protective castles have survived, especially in the surrounding area of ​​the episcopal city of Augsburg. A similar early medieval fortification from the time of the Hungarian Wars is only a few kilometers south of the Römerschanze above the Schäftlarn monastery on the western high bank. This " Birg " probably served as a refuge for the monastery and the population of the surrounding area in its last expansion stage.

The inner moat of the Römerschanze, with a wall height of up to three meters, is probably assigned to a ministerial seat of the early High Middle Ages. The interior of this small fortress probably consisted only of wood or clay framework.

The facility of the Römerschanze is strongly reminiscent of the larger of the two ski jumps in Westerholz near Kaufering in the Landsberg am Lech district . Here, too, a ground-level residence from the High Middle Ages was built into a pre- to early-medieval fortification. The ski jump in Westerholz is also secured in the west by a steep slope that slopes down to the Lech .

The freely accessible ground monument is listed by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments as a fortification section from the late Roman Empire and the 10th century as well as a ground-level residence from the High Middle Ages under monument number D-1-7935-0002.

museum

A permanent exhibition on aspects of Roman civilization with archaeological finds from the area of ​​the Römerschanze is located in the Grünwald Castle Museum .

literature

  • Georg Paula , Timm Weski: District of Munich (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.17 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-87490-576-4 .
  • Michael Weithmann: Castles in Munich. Medieval castles and walls, gates and towers in and around Munich . Stiebner, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8307-1036-4 , pp. 24-28 .

Web links

Commons : Römerschanze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Relief representation in the BayernAtlas. Retrieved May 26, 2018 .
  2. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry

Coordinates: 48 ° 1 ′ 21.4 ″  N , 11 ° 29 ′ 56.1 ″  E