Georgenstein (Isar)
| Georgenstein | ||
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| Waters | Isar (lower course) | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 1 ′ N , 11 ° 30 ′ E | |
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| length | 8.4 m | |
| width | 4 m | |
| surface | 31 m² | |
| Highest elevation | Georgenstein 549 m |
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The Georgenstein , formerly also Georgstein or Georgenfels , is a large boulder in the river bed of the Isar east of Baierbrunn in the district of Munich , which protrudes around five meters from the water. The stone was a feared obstacle at the time of rafting on the Isar.
geography
George Stone is located at river kilometer 163.2 in the conservation area Isartal on the western edge of the unincorporated area Grünwalder Forest ( district Grünwalder Forst, district Part 2) east of Baierbrunn. The municipality boundary is formed there by the western bank of the river.
This section of the Isar, which already belongs to the lower reaches of the river, has some nameless gravel islands around 60 meters downstream and 150 meters upstream of the stone, between river kilometer 164.6 (confluence of the free Isar and Isar canal north of the Mühltal power station) and river kilometer 162, 5 (Baierbrunner weir) entry into which during the breeding season kiesbrütender bird species such as the flow plover and sandpiper is prohibited.
Although it is only connected to the right bank of the river by an artificial dam and is otherwise surrounded by water, a boulder like the Georgenstein, like other stones, is not considered an island due to its formation . The dam is washed over by floods once or twice a year , as are the neighboring gravel islands. As the flood recedes, driftwood collects on the dam as well as on the upstream parts of the gravel banks.
George Stein is the floor plan 8.4 meters long and 4 meters wide. At level 64 (southern Isar Canal), it rises 5.3 m above the water level of the river, which at this point is 544 meters above sea level. The plan of the stone has a circumference of 23 meters and an area of 31 square meters. A water depth of 4.2 meters was measured on the northeast side up to the river bed . The stone has a volume of around 350 cubic meters. At a density of 2.6 this would correspond to a mass of 910 tons. The stone partially protrudes vertically from the water. The flanks are partly overgrown with moss, and grasses also grow on the flatter upper end.
The boulder is geologically a block of gravel from the Old Pleistocene , which was torn from the eastern slope of the Isar and slipped into the river bed on the underlying Tertiary layers from the Miocene . It consists of a conglomerate rock called Nagelfluh in southern Bavaria .
A wayside shrine (a painted tin figure) of St. George was erected on the stone . The old Römerschanze von Grünwald , which is 615.8 meters above sea level and is around 70 meters above the river bed , towers high above the Georgenstein .
About 160 meters downstream is the St. Michael stone , surrounded by some gravel islands and some smaller boulders.
Geotope
The Georgenstein has been designated as a valuable geotope by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (Geotope number: 184R004).
history
At Georgenstein, the Via Julia , which is important for the salt trade , the Roman road from today's Günzburg via Augsburg to Salzburg , crossed the Isar. It is not known with certainty whether the Isar was crossed on the trunk road by a ford , a ferry or a wooden bridge .
The Münchner Heimatbuch writes about a bridge: "He (the Georgenstein) saw the Roman soldiers march across the bridge to their fortified camp, which the Römerschanze still reminds of today."
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As early as 1764 Dominik von Linbrunn wrote : “Zweytens also has to catch up on this, that at the Roman Castell Cambodunum, not far from Grünewald, better described above, various and very clear traces of a bridge built there over the Isar have been found by further and more detailed examination : with which a rock protruding high above the river at this point, none of which is to be found either above or below, very probably served as a yoke. At least this presumption is greatly strengthened by a number of almost square holes carved into the rock, in which the en trees seem to have had their camp: just like various rock fragments, laboriously scared against each other on the bank, against the rock above, the other resting point of these trees show very clearly. "
Alfred Hutterer, local caretaker of the neighboring Baierbrunn , also sees the historical existence of a wooden bridge with the boulder as a pillar in Roman or post-Roman times as proven. This is fiercely disputed by others.
The rapids at the height of the Georgenstein used to be a problem for the raftsmen . In the Topo-Geographical-Statistical Lexicon of the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1831, it says: “… at the Michaelsstein, Georgstein and Grünwald there are dangerous places for the raft trip; often here the river rushes violently against the rocks, so that the rafts fail. "
To mitigate the danger point, an approximately 25-meter-long and over 8-meter-wide guide dam made of rough boulders was built between the eastern bank of the Isar and the Georgenstein in order to direct the current to the left (west) around the stone. The distance to the western bank, where the municipality of Baierbrunn begins, is 40 meters.
From around the 12th century to the beginning of the 20th century, rafting was used to transport goods, especially wood.
In 1805 the raftsman Georg Müller capsized on the boulder. In his need he called his namesake for help. After he was saved, he had the saint placed on the rock. Since then the stone has been called Georgenstein. He used to be called Großer Heiner . Little Heiner , on the other hand, was the earlier name of the Michaelstein.
The Georgenstein had to be blown up several times, but they refrained from doing so in order to preserve it as a natural monument.
Today the raft trips on the Isar from Wolfratshausen to Munich have a folk festival-like entertainment character. The Georgenstein is one of the highlights of the raft trip.
Trivia
In the Buchenhain district of the Baierbrunn municipality there is a small residential street called Am Georgenstein . In Baierbrunn the shooting club Schützengilde Georgenstein is named after him. Georgensteinstrasse has existed in Munich- Thalkirchen since 1953 .
literature
- Rolf KF Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler: On the trail of the Ice Age south of Munich, eastern part. Pfeil, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-931516-09-1 (Walks in the history of the earth; 8).
- Alfred Hutterer: At the fountain of the Baiern. Self-published, Baierbrunn 1995.
Movie
- Floesser pilgrimage on the Isar from Wolfratshausen to Munich, 2008 , on YouTube (2:47 to 3:43)
- Lorenz Knauer (director): The Isar - From the source to the mouth , Kul Tour (DVD, October 12, 2004, out of print)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ordinance of the Munich District Office regulating access to the gravel islands in the Isar between river km 164.6 and river km 162.5 in the Isartal landscape protection area ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of November 22, 2001 (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Values measured from the aerial photo ( BayernViewer ). The values given in the geotope register of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (PDF file; 190 kB) (as of September 1, 2010) are higher: 10 meters long, 7 meters wide, area 70 m².
- ↑ Alfred Hutterer: At the fountain of the Baiern. Self-published, Baierbrunn 1985. Here: “Der Georgen- und Michaelstein”, pp. 403–409.
- ↑ PhotoGL, photo community: Isartal - Der Georgenstein ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ CRTI-B, The Luxembourg Building Portal: Guide, Natural Stone Floor Covering, Material Sheet ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Environmental object catalog ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Bayernviewer: Historical map ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (as of September 1, 2010).
- ^ German Alpine Association: communications . Vol. 29, 1903, p. 4.
- ^ Bavarian State Office for the Environment, Geotop Georgenstein E von Baierbrunn (accessed on October 19, 2017).
- ↑ a b c Benedikt Hirschbold: Münchner Heimatbuch . Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, Munich 1900, p. 109 online (as of June 13, 2013).
- ↑ Treatises of the Electoral Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Volume 2, page 134 in the Google book search (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Information from Georg Hutterer, local home keeper of Baierbrunn , May 28, 2010
- ^ Hermann Dannheimer: Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments . Volume 18. Von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 1971 limited preview in the Google book search (as of September 1, 2010).
- ^ Anton Eisenmann, Carl Friedrich Hohn: Topo-geographical-statistical lexicon from the Kingdom of Bavaria . Erlangen 1831, p. 869 limited preview in the Google book search (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Eugen Oberhummer: Festschrift of the Geographische Gesellschaft in Munich to celebrate its twenty-five years of existence with an annual report for 1892 and 1893 on behalf of the board . Munich 1894, p. 343 online (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Traveling with a tree trunk ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (as of September 1, 2010).
- ↑ Georgensteinstrasse. In: sollner-hefte.de. Retrieved June 17, 2013 .
