Radial system (sewer system)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The radial system for draining Berlin was developed according to plans by James Hobrecht and built between 1873 and 1909. The city ​​of that time was divided into twelve areas for the construction of the sewerage system , the sewage of which converges at the lowest point and from there was pumped into the surrounding area with a pumping station to the Berlin sewage fields . This prevented an unexplained discharge into the Spree .

The system is still in operation today and forms the core of Berlin's combined sewer system. Separation systems with two channels for sewage and rainwater were built in later canalised areas. Some old housing estates will not be connected until 2030.

Large halls were built for the steam-powered pumping stations, some of which are still standing today. The pumps have now been replaced by more modern ones, most of which are underground and require less space. Some parts of the old facilities have been preserved as museums.

Areas

The areas to be drained in central Berlin in the 1870s were designated, starting with the inflowing Spree, clockwise as Radialsysteme I – V and built by 1880. The radial systems VI – XII followed a few years later for the areas in the peripheral areas at that time. I – III as well as VI and VII are on the left of the Spree, the others on the right. There were the following twelve radial systems:

Radialsystem I - commissioned in 1879. The pumping station I was built at Reichenberger Strasse  66. The pump hall was located inside the block, closer to today's Paul-Lincke-Ufer and Forster Straße, with the adjacent residential development only being added later. Operation of the steam-powered pumps ended in autumn 1976. The pump hall was demolished on May 12, 1977, and demonstrators protested against it Evicted by police using batons.

Radialsystem II - Gitschiner Straße  7-11, commissioning on July 1, 1879. Of the 2,854 properties (1875), only 572 were connected in 1879 and 2079 in 1880. In the Second World War , the pumping station II was completely destroyed, at the end of 1945 it was poorly restored. The replacement buildings in 1952 and 1980 were designed as the main Kreuzberg pumping station. In the park next to it, a double piston pump manufactured by the Borsig company in 1926 was installed, which was installed in the Neukölln sewage pumping station in Wildenbruchstrasse from 1926 to 1990 .

Radialsystem III - commissioned in 1877. Pump station III at Schöneberger Strasse  21 in Kreuzberg , see Radialsystem III .

Radialsystem IV , commissioned in 1879. The pumping station IV in Scharnhorststrasse No. 9/10, still accessible via a schoolyard in 1907, after the construction of a new driveway then house no. 12, was in operation until 2011 and was then demolished. It was replaced by a new, remote-controlled sewage pumping station 160 meters further east on the newly built premises of the Federal Intelligence Service at a depth of 10.50 meters.

Radial system V - Holzmarktstrasse 31/32, see Radial system V

Radialsystem VI - the pumping station VI at Urbanstrasse  177 was built in 1883–1885. It drained the urban area east of Möckernstrasse and south of the Landwehr Canal . After ceasing operations in 1981, the buildings were demolished. Only the representative entrance gate from 1899 remained.

Radialsystem VII - the pumping station VII at Lützowstrasse  46–51 was built from 1881 to 1883 and opened in 1885. It disposed of the Schöneberg suburb together with parts of Charlottenburg . At that time it was located in the densely built-up block interior and was  accessed from Genthiner Strasse 10 or No. 4. It consisted of a large hall with three pumps, a boiler house and an engine house, two workshop buildings and an official residence. All structures are still there. Until the 1930s, the entire system was operated with steam engines. Operations ceased in the 1970s or 1982. All pumps have been dismantled, with the exception of one, which has undergone extensive restoration and has been listed as a historical monument . The youth culture center "Die Pump" with cultural facilities and a youth hostel has existed here since 1988. The adjoining restaurant "Alte Pump" in the large hall is also operated as an event location.

Radialsystem VIII - built 1889–1890 in Alt-Moabit  67/68, at the confluence of Gotzkowskystraße . The system in low brick buildings with flat pitched roofs was replaced in 1987 by a newly built pumping station next door, the old rooms are used as a sports and communication center.

Radial system IX - the pumping station IX in Wedding , Seestrasse  2, commissioned in 1886. A new pumping station in a sheet-metal-clad concrete building was built in 1997, the old machine halls, which had previously been rebuilt several times, were still in place around 2000 and were then torn down.

Radialsystem X - the pumping station X at Bellermannstrasse  7 in Gesundbrunnen , whose catchment area also includes large parts of Prenzlauer Berg , went into operation on June 10, 1890 and pumped to the Rieselfeld Buch .

Radialsystem XI - the pumping station XI at today's Erich-Weinert-Strasse  131 in Prenzlauer Berg was put into operation in 1909 as the last of the twelve Berlin pumping stations. It was in operation until 2002, since then a fully automatic, remotely monitored new pumping station has been operating behind the historic building.

Radialsystem XII - the pumping station XII at Rudolfstraße  15 in Friedrichshain was built in 1890 and put into operation on July 3, 1893. Since 1893, the wastewater from Stralau , Boxhagen and Friedrichsberg , which at that time did not yet belong to Berlin , has also been channeled through it . Electric drive was used as early as the early 1930s. The entire system with two twin piston pumps from the Borsig company from around 1910 or 1933, which are still fully operational today, has been a listed building since 1980 and has been preserved in its original function. A new pumping station has been in operation in a neighboring new building since 1999.

distribution

Map of the sewage fields in and around Berlin (within today's limits)

The distribution of the radial systems to the pouring material took place around 1900 as follows:

south

  • Osdorf, Friederikenhof, Heinersdorf I II VI
  • Großbeeren, Kleinbeeren, Ruhlsdorf I II VI
  • Sputendorf, Schenkendorf, Gütergotz III VII

North

  • Malchow, Blankenburg, Wartenberg IV
  • Falkenberg, Bürknersfelde, Hellersdorf V XII
  • Rosenthal, Blankenfelde, Möllersfelde, Lindenhof VIII VIIIa IX X
  • book

The trickling of Berlin sewage in the GDR was not interrupted by the Berlin Wall . The East Berlin wastewater is not irrigated since 1986, from West Berlin and in 1988 still 34 per cent. The trickling has now been completely stopped.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Environmental Atlas: Type of sewer system (2017)
  2. ↑ bwb.de
  3. ↑ a b c d Shahrooz Mohajeri: 100 years of Berlin water supply and wastewater disposal 1840–1940 (2005), p. 150 ( excerpt from Google )
  4. ↑ City map 1882 and city ​​map 1937 on digital.zlb.de
  5. ↑ District center fire station (PDF) Brochure of the squatters from 1977 on www.berlin-besetzt.de
  6. ↑ a b c pumping station of the sewage radial system II at www.albert-gieseler.de
  7. ↑ a b Kathrin Chod: Main pumping station Kreuzberg . In: Hans-Jürgen Mende , Kurt Wernicke (Hrsg.): Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg . Luisenstadt educational association . Haude and Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89542-122-7 ( luise-berlin.de - as of October 7, 2009).
  8. ↑ a b c Handbook of the Authorities of the Province of Brandenburg and the City District of Berlin, Berlin 1901
  9. ^ Templates for the city council meeting in 1907
  10. ↑ New sewage pumping station in Mitte replaces Hobrecht-Bau , on January 20, 2011 on unitracc.de
  11. ↑ Gate of the Radialsystem VI pumping station , entry in the monument database
  12. ↑ a b Radialsystem VII pumping station , entry in the monument database
  13. ↑ a b c History of Pump Station VII on www.altepumpe.de
  14. ↑ The pump and the old pump: a strong double. At: qiew.de , January 2, 2012
  15. ↑ Wolfgang W. Timmler: Two hundred liters per second - The sewage pumping station Seestrasse . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 10, 2000, ISSN  0944-5560 , p. 83-85 ( luise-berlin.de ).
  16. ↑ The underground colossus from Bellermannstrasse. weddingweiser.de, September 23, 2019
  17. ^ Pump station XI on Erich-Weinert-Strasse in Prenzlauer Berg. new-deutschland.de , November 21, 2005
  18. ↑ a b c Radialsystem XII pumping station , entry in the monument database
  19. ↑ a b c d Kathrin Chod: Friedrichshain pumping station Rudolfstrasse . In: Hans-Jürgen Mende , Kurt Wernicke (Hrsg.): Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg . Luisenstadt educational association . Haude and Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89542-122-7 ( luise-berlin.de - as of October 7, 2009).
  20. ↑ berliner-unterwelten.de