Raduga Ch-22

Raduga Ch-22
General Information
Type	Long-range anti-ship guided missile
Manufacturer	Raduga design office
development	1959
Technical specifications
length	11.65 m
diameter	920 mm
Combat weight	5635 kg
span	3000 mm
drive	Rocket motor for liquid fuel
speed	Mach 3.4-4.6
Range	500 km
Furnishing
Target location	Inertial navigation platform plus data updates during the cruise flight plus active radar target search
Warhead	950 kg SAP or nuclear 350 kT
Weapon platforms	Planes
Lists on the subject

The Raduga Ch-22 Burja ( Russian Радуга Х-22 Буря ) is an airborne long-range anti-ship guided missile from Soviet production. The NATO code name is AS-4 Kitchen .

development

The Ch-22 was designed as a long-range anti-ship guided missile and as a cruise missile against land targets. Development in the Raduga design office began in 1958. The system was finally introduced in 1964 by the Soviet Navy Air Force. In the following years almost 3000 Ch-22 were produced. The Raduga Ch-22 is primarily used to combat aircraft carrier groups and naval war units. The guided missile was designed to sink a large warship with a single hit or at least render it inoperable. With the nuclear variant, an entire fleet can be destroyed in one fell swoop.

variants

• Ch-22PG: 1st production version with active radar target search and conventional 950 kg penetration warhead. Airspeed Mach 3.4. Range 400 km.
• Ch-22N: cruise missiles against land targets. With 1000 kT nuclear warhead. Airspeed Mach 3.4. CEP : 3000 m. Range 500 km.
• Ch-22PSI: Introduced in 1971. Version against land targets and ships. With 350 kT nuclear warhead. Range 550 km.
• Ch-22B: Experimental guided missile with an aeroballistic trajectory. Altitude 70,000 m with Mach 6.0.
• Ch-22M: 2nd production version, introduced in 1976. With a new seeker head and improved engine. With active radar target search and conventional 950 kg penetration warhead. Range 400 km.
• Ch-22MA: Version of the Ch-22M with a 350 kT nuclear warhead . Introduced in 1974.
• Ch-22MP: Version with passive radar seeker. Range 400 km. Introduced in 1974.
• Ch-22MPSI: Version against land targets and ships. With 350 kT nuclear warhead. Range 550 km.
• Ch-22NA: Version for use in low flight against land targets and ships. With active radar target search and 350 kT nuclear warhead or conventional 630 kg penetration warhead. Range 360 ​​km. Introduced in 1976.
• Ch-22MN: 3rd series version with a new seeker head and improved engine. With active radar target search and a conventional 630 kg penetration warhead. Range 380 km.
• Ch-22MNP: Version with passive radar search head. Range 380 km.
• Ch-22MNPSI: Version against land targets and ships. With 350 kT nuclear warhead. Range 570 km.
• Ch-32: New version introduced in 2016. With completely new electronics, U501M radar seeker head, engine, GLONASS / GPS satellite navigation system and 500 kg TK-56 warhead. Airspeed over Mach 4. Altitude over 40,000 m. Range 600–1000 km. Russia plans to retrofit older Ch-22s to the level of Ch-32.

technology

Before starting, the missile's navigation system must be given the rough position and course of the target. After being released, there is a short period of non-propulsion. The R-201-300 rocket engine in the rear of the guided missile only ignites at a safe distance from the aircraft . The Ch-22 is powered by the two-chamber liquid fuel engine. The missile hull contains 3049 kg of fuel TG-02 and 1015 kg of oxidizer AK-2. After launching the missile, the engine develops a thrust of 83  kN . During the cruise, the thrust is 5.9 kN. First the engine accelerates the missile to a speed of around Mach 3.4 (Mach 3.44 ± 0.05). The cruise flight continues at an altitude of 18,500 to 27,000 m, with further acceleration to a speed of Mach 4.6 (approx. 4,900 km / h). The flight into the target area takes place autonomously with the help of the APK-22A - autopilot . Updated target data can be sent from the launch platform to the missile using a data link . A radar altimeter ensures the necessary safety distance between the missile and the sea surface. The on-board - either active or passive - radar search head is used to approach the target. Once the target has been captured, it is approached in a steep dive of 30 to 60 °.

As a cruise missile, the Ch-22 can be used against stationary, radar-reflecting land targets.

commitment

During the Iraq-Iran war , Iraqi Tu-22 B bombers repeatedly attacked Iranian anti-aircraft missile positions with Ch-22MP. During these missions, a large number of guided missiles were fired at various MIM-23B-I-HAWK positions, but only a single hit was achieved. The reasons for this were the poor training of the Tu-22 crews, the inadequate maintenance of the guided missiles and the difficulty of the passive radar seeker of the Ch-22MP in localizing the radar radiation of the MIM-23 over great distances. Therefore, the guided missiles had to be launched from distances of 60 km or less.

Further Ch-22 were launched by Tu-16 bombers against area targets in Iran. Oil refineries as well as Tehran and other cities were attacked repeatedly .

Carrier aircraft

• Tupolev Tu-22 with a guided missile

Ch-22 under a Tu-22KD

• Tupolev Tu-22M with a maximum of three guided missiles
• Tupolev Tu-95 with a maximum of three guided missiles

distribution

•  Iraq - retired
•  Kazakhstan - retired in 1993
•  Russia - in action
•  Ukraine - retired

literature

• Jane'n Air-Launched Weapon Systems - Edition 2002. Jane's Information Group
• The air-to-ground guided missile system AS-4 Kitchen. DTIG - Defense Threat Informations Group, Dec 1997
• Russia's Arms 2004 Catalog. Military Parade Publishing House

Web links

Commons : Raduga Ch-22  - Collection of Images

• Raduga Kh-22 (AS-4 Kitchen) on globalsecurity.org (English)
• Raduga Kh-22 (AS-4 Kitchen) on fas.org (English)
• Maritime Strike - The Soviet Perspective on ausairpower.net (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Russian MoD to upgrade 32 Kh-22 long-range anti-ship missiles. In: navyrecognition.com. May 28, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2018 (Russian). 
2. ↑ United Press International: New Russian cruise missiles to hit targets from 130,000 feet
3. ↑ Kh-32 Advanced Cruise Missile Tests Drawing to A Close In Russia. In: defense-aerospace.com. August 24, 2016, accessed on August 26, 2016 . 
4. ^ Scribd, Anti Shipping Missile Survey, Scribd, p. 37
5. ^ Phillip E. Pace: Detecting and Classifying Low Probability of Intercept Radar. Artech House Publishers, 2003, p. 580.
6. ↑ Tom Cooper , Farzad Bishop , Arthur Hubers and Ahmad Sadik: Bombed by Blinders. Part 1. (No longer available online.) November 24, 2010, formerly in the original ; accessed on April 10, 2012 (English).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
7. ↑ Tom Cooper , Farzad Bishop , Arthur Hubers and Ahmad Sadik: Bombed by Blinders. Part 2. (No longer available online.) December 5, 2010, formerly in the original ; accessed on April 10, 2012 (English).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )