SS-N-22 Sunburn

SS-N-22 Sunburn
General Information
Type	Anti-ship missile
Local name	P-80, P-270 mosquito
NATO designation	SS-N-22 Sunburn
Country of origin	Soviet Union / Russia
Manufacturer	MKB Raduga
development	1973
Commissioning	1981
Working time	in service
Technical specifications
length	P-80M : 9,385 mm P-270 : 9,730 mm
diameter	1,298 mm
Combat weight	P-80M : 3,950 kg P-270 : 4,150 kg
span	1,900 mm
Drive First stage Second stage	Solid fuel booster ramjet engine
speed	P-80M : Mach 2.6 P-270 : Mach 3.0
Range	P-80M : 120 km P-270 : 160 km
Furnishing
steering	Inertial navigation system , data link
Target location	active or passive radar target search
Warhead	320 kg high explosive armor piercing or nuclear warhead 200 kt
Detonator	Radar proximity fuse, impact fuse
Weapon platforms	Ships, planes, ground-effect vehicles
Lists on the subject

SS-N-22 Sunburn is the NATO code for a sea-based anti-ship guided missile made in Russia . The system designation in the Russian armed forces is P-80 Moskit and P-270 Moskit-M . The GRAY index for the guided missiles is 3M80 and 3M82 .

development

The SS-N-22 was developed as the successor system to the SS-N-2 Styx . Compared to the SS-N-2, the new cruise missile should have a greater range and a much higher flight speed. The new guided missile was designed to fight destroyers and cruisers that have modern missile defense systems. The development in the design office MKB Raduga (later NPO Maschinostrojenija ) began in 1973. The developers placed particular emphasis on a high airspeed and on protection against electronic interference measures. According to the manufacturer, the SS-N-22 is largely insensitive to electronic interference measures. The first cruise missiles were introduced by the Soviet Navy on the Sowremenny-class destroyers in 1981 . After that, the SS-N-22 was also installed on small attack boats. Based on the SS-N-22, the airborne version Ch-41 ( Russian X-41 ) was later developed.

technology

The SS-N-22 can be launched from ships and coastal positions. The guided weapons are housed in steel containers and are fired directly from them. The CT-152M starting container has a characteristic cylindrical geometry. Before starting, the approximate position and course of the target must be entered in the missile's navigation system. These are determined from the launch platform using radar or ELINT . The cruise missiles can be programmed for different trajectories and courses so that they arrive at the target area from different directions at the same time. The guided missiles can be launched individually or in short series. When starting, the missile is first accelerated by the solid fuel booster. After 3-4 seconds it will burn out and the ramjet march engine is started. The cruise missile then adopts the preprogrammed altitude. There are two preprogrammed flight profiles: In the standard flight profile, the cruise flight takes place at an altitude of 12,000 m at a speed of Mach 2.8-3.0. The last 20–40 km are covered at low altitude . The range for this flight profile is 120–160 km. In addition, the flight to the destination can be carried out low at Mach 1.8–2.2 at a height of 20–30 m. The range for this flight profile is 80–120 km. The flight to the target area takes place autonomously with the help of the inertial navigation platform . A radar altimeter ensures the necessary safety distance between the missile and the sea surface. Updated target data can be sent from the launch platform to the missile using a data link . The on-board active radar seeker is activated for the target approach. This works in the frequency range of 8–12 GHz and can detect a cruiser up to 75 km. However, when flying low, the real radar range is significantly reduced by the radar horizon . If the target has been detected by the radar seeker, the active radar seeker is switched off and the cruise missile is guided to the target with the help of the passive radar seeker. This is based on the electromagnetic emissions (radar, interference systems) that the target emits. If the cruise missile loses its target, the active radar seeker is reactivated immediately. Immediately after target acquisition, the missile sinks to a height of 5–20 m (depending on the sea ​​state ). During the target approach, the cruise missile performs abrupt evasive maneuvers at random with a load of up to 10  g . The impact at the target takes place at wave height in the ship's hull. The 320 kg penetration warhead ignites with a time delay, so that it explodes inside the ship. Due to the high speed, the SS-N-22 has a high kinetic energy, which has a great potential for damage. The cruise missile can also be equipped with a nuclear warhead with an explosive power of 200  kt .

Strategic importance

The SS-N-22 was designed to sink a warship the size of a destroyer with a single hit, or at least to render it inoperable. With the nuclear variant, an entire fleet can be destroyed in one fell swoop. When western intelligence services heard about the SS-N-22, they caused some nervousness there. Worldwide there was no missile defense system with which the SS-N-22 could have been fought. Even with the newly developed Aegis combat system of the US Navy , effective combat did not seem possible. Due to the extremely low altitude and the high airspeed, the attacked ship only has around 15-20 seconds to take countermeasures if the missile has not previously been detected by an external reconnaissance system. The passive and active seeker head and the arbitrary course changes in the target approach also make it difficult to locate and combat. Likewise, the nuclear warhead can be detonated at a distance of 1–1.5 km from the target, so that the cruise missile does not penetrate into the effective range of the short-range defense systems , but can still cause great destruction.

The SS-N-22 also has some disadvantages compared to conventional anti-ship missiles. Due to their size, ships can only accommodate a limited number of cruise missiles. Their size and the four air inlets also create a large radar cross-section . The missile fuselage (especially the tip of the guided missile) is also strongly heated by the high flight speed. These two factors in turn favor localization and control.

variants

• P-80 Zubr: initial version, with 3M80 rocket, range 93 km
• P-80M Moskit: first production version, with 3M82 rocket, range 120 km
• P-80E Moskit-E: Export version of the P-80M
• P-270 Moskit: revised new design, range 120–140 km
• P-270M Moskit-M: Completely modernized P-270, with cruise missile 3M82M, range 160 km
• P-270ME Moskit-ME: Export version of the P-270M
• P-270MW Moskit-MW: vehicle-bound version of the P-270 for coastal defense, installed on a MZKT-7930 truck
• P-270MWE Moskit-MWE: Export version of the P-270MW
• Ch-41 Moskit: Airborne version, range up to 220 km
• ASM-MMS: Export version of the Ch-41

Carrier platforms

Sea-based

• Sowremenny class
• Udaloy II class
• Tarantul III class
• Bora class
• Lun class ( ground effect vehicle )

Airborne (carrier aircraft)

• Sukhoi Su-30MK "Flanker-C"
• Suchoi Su-33 "Flanker-D"
• Sukhoi Su-34 "Fullback"
• Sukhoi Su-35 "Flanker-E"
• Tupolev Tu-22M3 "Backfire-C"

distribution

•  Egypt
•  People's Republic of China
•  Russia
•  Iran

Web links

• Russian / Soviet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles DTIG, November 2005
• Globalsecurity.org
• Deagel.com

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Russian / Soviet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles DTIG, Nov, 2005, accessed: August 12, 2015 (English)
2. ^ ^{A b c} Duncan Lennox: Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. Jane's Information Group , 2005, ISBN 0-7106-0880-2 .
3. ↑ rbase.new-factoria.ru , accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
4. ↑ airwar.ru , accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
5. ↑ ktrv.ru , accessed: March 27, 2014 (English)
6. ↑ testpilot.ru , accessed: March 27, 2014 (Russian)
7. ↑ ausairpower.net , accessed: March 27, 2014 (English)
8. ↑ روسيا تهدى مصر أحد لنشات الصواريخ المتطورة من طراز "مولينيا ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check this instruction and remove the original and archive link according to the instructions . www.mod.gov.eg, accessed: August 20, 2015 (Arabic) 
9. ↑ Report on Youtube , accessed: August 20, 2015 (Arabic)