Ch-28

Ch-28
General Information
Type	Air-to-surface missile
Local name	Ch-28
NATO designation	AS-9 Kyle
Country of origin	Soviet Union
Manufacturer	Raduga design office
development	1963
Commissioning	1973
Working time	1973-1997
Technical specifications
length	6.04 m
diameter	430 mm
Combat weight	715 kg
span	1,930 mm
drive	Liquid fuel rocket engine
speed	Mach 2.4-3.0
Range	80-120 km
Furnishing
steering	INS
Target location	passive radar seeker
Warhead	140 kg fragmentation warhead
Detonator	Proximity fuse
Weapon platforms	Planes
Lists on the subject

The Ch-28 ( Russian Х-28 , NATO code name AS-9 Kyle ) was a Soviet air-to-surface missile . It served to combat ground-based radar systems.

development

Based on the US experience in the Vietnam War , the development of an anti-radar missile was planned in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The order was awarded to OKB-155-2 (later the Raduga design office ). Development began in 1963. The planned guided missile was to be used with the Jakowlew Jak-28 . At first it was planned to equip the Ch-28 with a solid rocket engine . However, due to the required range of 120 km, this could not be achieved with the resources available at the time. Therefore, a rocket motor with liquid fuel was used. After a development period of ten years, the Ch-28 was introduced by the Soviet Air Force in 1973 . The Ch-28 was the Soviet counterpart to the US AGM-78 .

technology

The Ch-28 is basically a smaller version of the Ch-22 . It was propelled by the liquid fuel twin -chamber engine R-253-300 . This developed a thrust of 8  kN . It used to fuel TG-02 and AK-27 - oxidizer . The rocket had to be refueled with the toxic liquids immediately before it was deployed on the base . The Ch-28 was used to hold down enemy air defenses . Your seeker switched to the frequency of the enemy radar and uses this to hit the radar position. For this purpose, the CH-28 used the APR-28 seeker head. This had interchangeable modules which were tuned to the frequency bands of the anti-aircraft missiles Nike Hercules , Thunderbird, Bloodhound and later also Hawk .

To record the radar radiation, the emergency aircraft had to be equipped with a special radar receiver. In the case of the Sukhoi Su-24 , this was the Filin-H system integrated in the aircraft . The Metel gondola, which was carried externally, was used for the Suchoi Su-17 . If the radar receiver had received radar radiation, the aircraft had to fly a serpentine course at a constant altitude for a certain time. The April 28 navigation system of the Ch-28 was able to determine the position of the radar system using trigonometric calculations. Then the missile could be launched from an altitude range of 200–15,000 m. From a starting altitude of 5,000 m, it had an operational range of 70 km. For a start under 1,000 m, this value was 45 km. After the drop, there was a short period of non-propulsion. The rocket engine only ignited at a safe distance from the aircraft. The Ch-28 was now flying towards the radar system with the help of the seeker head and the autopilot. If the radar system stopped transmitting during this time, the Ch-28 could maintain the course it had taken for a maximum of 10 seconds ; after that she lost the target. The warhead was detonated using a proximity fuse . In the optimal case, this was done around 5 m above the radar system. The hit expectation was around 80% and the scattering circle radius ( CEP ) was around 20 m. The 9A283 fragmentation warhead weighed 140 kg and contained 74 kg of explosives .

variants

• Ch-28: standard version, introduced in 1973
• Ch-28M: Version with improved PRG-28M seeker head, introduced in 1977
• Ch-28E: export version

Platforms

• Jakowlew Jak-28 (NATO code name: Brewer)
• Sukhoi Su-17 (Fitter)
• Sukhoi Su-22 (Fitter)
• Sukhoi Su-24 (Fencer)

distribution

•  Afghanistan
•  Azerbaijan
•  Georgia
•  India
•  Iraq
•  Kazakhstan
•  Libya
•  Poland
•  Syria
•  Soviet Union
•  Ukraine
•  Hungary
•  Vietnam
•  Belarus

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} rbase.new-factoria.ru , accessed on February 18, 2014
2. ↑ ^{a b c} airwar.ru , accessed on February 18, 2014
3. ↑ ^{a b} The AS-9 air-to-ground guided missile system Kyle DTIG - Defense Threat Informations Group, January 1997
4. ^ ^{A b} Phillip E. Pace: Detecting and Classifying Low Probability of Intercept Radar. Artech House Publishers, 2003, p. 582.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Michal Fiszer: Crimson SEAD. Journal of Electronic Defense (JED), January 2003.
6. ↑ ^{a b c} militaryrussia.ru , accessed on February 18, 2014
7. ^ Trade Register at sipri.org , accessed on February 18, 2014