Ranzenbach (municipality of Klausen-Leopoldsdorf)
| Ranzenbach ( Rotte ) | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Baden (BN), Lower Austria | ||
| Pole. local community | Klausen-Leopoldsdorf ( KG Klausenleopoldsdorf ) | ||
| Locality | Klausen-Leopoldsdorf | ||
| Coordinates | 48 ° 7 '50 " N , 16 ° 1' 13" E | ||
| height | 480 m above sea level A. | ||
| Building status | 13 (as of 2008) | ||
 Building in Ranzenbach |
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| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; NÖGIS | |||
Ranzenbach is a district of the municipality of Klausen-Leopoldsdorf in the Vienna Woods Biosphere Park in Lower Austria . Starting from a homestead, most of the place was built according to plan at the end of the 1920s. Eight of the 13 houses today are under monument protection ( list entries ).
Location, geology and climate
Ranzenbach is very isolated about 5 km north of the main town of Klausen-Leopoldsdorf at an altitude of 480 m above sea level. A. . The place is not far from the A 21 .
Geologically, the area belongs to the flysch or sandstone Vienna Woods . The dense clay soil does not allow precipitation to seep through. Cool summers and rainy winters prevail.
Place name
The syllable ram from the verb rama means something like “to clear” or “to clear”. In the old land registers of the Purkersdorfer Waldamt , cleared areas are referred to as "Rämbwiesen".
Local development
Older local parts
The oldest evidence that the area around Ranzenbach was used are files from the Forest Office from 1563, which write 100 days of Wiesen's work there . The forest was a camera property, thus a sovereign property that belonged to the emperor.
The stone-built hook farm with 2.5 hectares of land has existed since the 18th century. Its owners lived from bringing firewood to Vienna with carts until 1951 . In 2008 the owners lived in a newly built house while the old house fell into disrepair and the former farm buildings were used as storage space.
In another 1852-built farmhouse, a family who in 1986 lived up Haupterwerb- and then to 1992 as a sideline to their farm led. In addition, wood used to be driven there with an ox wagon. Today there is Gut Ranzenbach , a stud farm with a riding school. The company operates organically , breeds Trakehner , offers boxes for boarding horses and employs several workers.
To the west of the stud is the "Klausenhäusl", which was mentioned in 1788. There was a so-called duck hut owned by the forest authority, the residents of which were forest workers. The hermitage was still in operation until the 1930s . After long stood empty and the associated surfaces spent was leased the building with the associated area of the 21st century in the first decade of the stud and is used since.
Planned settlement
Theoretical background
As a counterpoint to the rural exodus and the urban impoverishment as a result of deindustrialization after the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy, attempts were made in the 1920s to build new agricultural settlements. The Ranzendorf planned on the drawing board in the Vienna area became a model settlement . Land reform ideas as set out in the Resettlement Act and similar laws also served as an impetus . At the time, the agricultural economist Anton Pantz criticized the fact that the natural conditions for permanent settlement of people were not adequately examined. Not every climate and every soil would allow agriculture, and accessibility also plays an important role. Instead, the hopes of wealth accumulation would even be aroused among urban resettlers.
Construction and further development
The first of these projects was the publicly controversial Ranzenbach. Ten unemployed industrial workers and their families were selected for this. Originally, they were supposed to come from a rural environment and to build the settlement together in order to grow vegetables and other crops as well as to keep cattle, pigs and chickens.
The Ministry of Agriculture made 60 hectares of pasture available for this in 1926, and machines were provided for clearing and reclaiming . The settlers lived with their families in tents and first built a sawmill from the felled trees in the winter of 1927/28. After that, a house, a stable and a double barn were built for each family for two adjacent properties. The common stable building with wooden shed stood behind the houses built close to the access road and this was followed by an orchard on the 3,000 to 5,000 square meters of land. Each settler property included five hectares of agricultural land plus common pastures . Some of the houses had a basement and had a floor area of 60 square meters.
In 1931 the settlement was built as a joint venture and the houses were ready for occupancy. At the request of the settlers, however, the common economy was given up. In the course of time, many settlers withdrew from the project because they did not feel up to the task of running the business independently. They were compensated for the construction work carried out with the relatively high amount of 500 Schilling for the time. The plan to turn industrial workers into self-employed farmers through state support had thus failed. Craftsmen from the surrounding area moved into the now vacant houses, most of whom were employed as forest workers. Each settler received a cow, fruit trees and seeds from the Ministry of Agriculture. Two horses were procured for everyone together.
A house originally planned as a communal building with a laundry room , bathroom and storage space was leased to the Alpine Association in 1931, as the settlers wanted to do their own business , which operated a tourist home and a youth hostel there . It was a popular destination for a long time. From the beginning of the 1950s it was used as a Protestant children's home before Hungarian refugees were housed there from 1956 . It was later rented out to various hunting tenants by the Austrian Federal Forests .
In 1960 Ranzenbach was connected to the electricity supply. Only then did the individual houses receive a bathroom and toilet in an extension. However, there was no connection to local public transport on the country road two kilometers away. The local children had to walk an hour to get to school. The path in winter was often so difficult that an adult went along to “trace” it.
When they reached retirement age, the first residents moved out in the mid-1960s, as they had no further entitlement to official accommodation as forest workers. In the 1980s, the last of the original residents left Ranzenbach. Eight of the ten houses were auctioned off to private owners in the 1990s and only two that were rented are owned by the Federal Forests. Four houses served as the main residence in 2008 and the remaining six as weekend houses. There was a mail delivery on site from this year, and he was hit by the garbage disposal. There was no connection to the public water supply and sewage disposal. The nearest facilities for local supply and also public transport stops are 5.5 kilometers away. The access road is a private road that residents have to maintain themselves and on which no snow is cleared by the community.
literature
- Josef Stolitzka: Ranzenbach, a new village in the Wienerwalde. From: Our home. Association for regional studies of Lower Austria, St. Pölten, 1930 (p. 145ff)
- Elfriede Riedel-Hastik: BIOSPHERE PARK WIENERWALD. (PDF; 15.5 MB) Changes in the meaning and use of a cultural landscape. Thesis. 2008, accessed November 13, 2011 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Elfriede Riedel-Hastik: BIOSPHERE PARK WIENERWALD. (PDF; 15.5 MB) Changes in the meaning and use of a cultural landscape. Thesis. 2008, accessed November 13, 2011 . , Pp. 13/14
- ↑ a b Riedel-Hastik, p. 76
- ↑ a b c d e Riedel-Hastik, p. 81
- ↑ Riedel Hastek, p 92
- ↑ a b c Riedel-Hastik, p. 93
- ^ Anton Pantz: wrong ways of the inner colonization. In: Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. General illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated newspaper for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. General illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated newspaper for the whole of agriculture , March 5, 1927, p. 1, middle column (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Colonies in the homeland. In: Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. General illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated newspaper for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. General illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated newspaper for the whole of agriculture , August 20, 1927, p. 1, left column (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Riedel-Hastek, pp. 78/79
- ↑ Riedel Hastek, p 79
- ↑ Riedel Hastek, p 80
- ↑ Riedel Hastek, p 90
- ↑ Riedel Hastek, 93 and 95