Reichsautobahn Vienna – Breslau

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Course of the Reichsautobahn Vienna – Breslau through the Czech Republic
Hans Lorenz and an employee building the motorway on the theodolite
Model study of the motorway bridge in Ranigsdorf (Czech Linhartice) near Mährisch Trübau (Czech Moravská Třebová)
Pillar of the unfinished Reichsautobahn at the Brno Dam
Friedrich Schaub's landscape plans for the Reichsautobahn Vienna – Brno – Wroclaw near Vanovice in Moravia
Street Stará dálnice in Brno-Bystrc (Brno-Bisterz)

The Reichsautobahn Vienna – Wroclaw , also route 138 , was a planned Reichsautobahn between Vienna and Wroclaw . It was planned and partially built under the direction of the prominent motorway engineer Hans Lorenz , the landscape architects Friedrich Schaub and Hermann Mattern . The partly extra-territorial 320-kilometer route led through Czechoslovakia at the planning time . In the Czech Republic, the motorway is often referred to as Hitlerova dálnice (Hitler's motorway) . The alignment was carried out through first calculations with the clothoid in a modern, curved line; the embedding in the site was constructed on the basis of perspective landscapes by the painter Professor Emmerich Schaffran from Vienna. Construction work took place between April 11, 1939 and April 30, 1942. A stretch of 83.5 kilometers was completed, the remaining route with earth walls and partly well-preserved bridge structures, passages and park-like plantings is one of the largest motorway ruins and is still easily recognizable today. Despite the National Socialist context, the Vienna – Brno – Wroclaw motorway is one of the most influential pioneering projects for motorway construction. It set new standards due to its late-breaking planning concepts. Especially because of the landscape-compatible lines implemented consistently for the first time by Alwin Seifert , the probably first ecological rest area concepts in Boskowitz (Czech: Boskovice) by the landscape architect Friedrich Schaub and his advisor, the anthroposophist Max Karl Schwarz (1895–1963), but also because of the involvement of Hans Lorenz , later as government building director one of the leading road construction engineers in the Federal Republic, who published his 1975 standard work Routing and design of roads and highways worldwide.

history

After the Munich Agreement and the annexation of Austria to the National Socialist German Reich , Adolf Hitler planned to build a motorway between Vienna and the Silesian capital Wroclaw. At the beginning of December 1938, Hitler ordered the Czechoslovak Minister for Public Works, Karel Husárek, to Berlin. An agreement was signed between the German Reich and Czechoslovakia on the construction of an extra-territorial German Reichsautobahn, the construction of which was to be realized by the German company Reichsautobahn . The German Reich assumed the costs of the construction including the customs stations to be erected on the transit route . The route profile was set at 28.5 m in accordance with the German Autobahn. It was also agreed that some sections should be built by Czechoslovak companies. At the same time, the Czechoslovak government left the land on the route to the German Reich without any cost compensation .

At the end of 1938, the preparatory work for the motorway construction began and the route was determined within three months. The properties of the staked route were transferred to the legal entity of the German Reich. After the " destruction of the rest of the Czech Republic" in March 1939 an accelerated construction of the route began within the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The first groundbreaking for the line took place on April 11, 1939 near Sobotovice . By 1940, a continuous drivable route of 65 kilometers was to be built using fast construction. Because of the war events and defeats on the Eastern Front, the construction of the motorway was stopped on April 30, 1942. At the end of the Second World War , the Wehrmacht tried to defend the route against the Bratislava-Brno operation of the Red Army .

After the defeat of Germany , at the end of the Second World War there was no longer any need for an unpopular "Hitler Autobahn" between the Austrian capital Vienna and the city of Wroclaw, which had fallen under Polish administration. The route deteriorated and in some parts even became a nature reserve . The mostly completed section was located between the Brno suburb of Medlov and Městečko Trnávka in northern Moravia and led through the Boskowitz furrow . However, only the short stretch near Brno-Bystrc was completed in the 1980s.

today

Part of the old route is now part of the 52 motorway south of Brno . North of the Moravian capital to since the 1990s on the old route planning the highway 43 (Dálnice 43) from Brno to the Moravian Třebová arise with the construction has not started up, 2015.

Buildings

Road crossings

Jevíčko highway bridge on the 366 road , Jevíčko highway bridge over the 36,612 road , Velké Opatovice bridge over highway route of the 372 , Velké Opatovice , Borotín , Vanovice , Sudice , Sudice , Drnovice , Jinacovice , Rozdrojovice , Na Brežine 173 Ostopovice 682 , Ostopovice , Ostopovice 563 , NebovidyWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld icon

Bridge piers

Brno World icon

Railway crossings

Velké Opatovice BisterzWorld iconWorld icon

Completed section of road

Vejrostova to ŽebětínWorld iconWorld icon

Natural monuments

Parts of the created terrain cuttings were transformed into biotopes with protected plant species through succession . This includes:

  • the Čtvrtky za Bořím natural monument , a cut in the terrain east of the village Býkovice with natural succession and rich occurrence of the orchid orchid . The 3.1 hectare section of the route has been protected since 1996. World icon
  • the Obůrky-Třeštěnec natural monument , a wet meadow biotope with orchids northwest of Moravské Knínice . The 2.65 hectare section of the route has been protected since 1980.World icon

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Autobahn Wien – Breslau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Výstavba rychlostní silnice R43 - oficiální stránky (The construction of the R43 expressway - Official website). Retrieved December 14, 2015 .