René Maran

René Maran

René Maran (born November 8, 1887 in Fort-de-France , Martinique , † May 9, 1960 in Paris ) was a French writer who came from the Antilles .

Live and act

Maran's father worked in the colonial administration. Maran was born on a ship that brought the family to Martinique, where his father had been transferred. According to the transfers of his father, Maran spent part of his childhood in Gabon , later he was sent to the south of France for health reasons. From 1894 he attended the Lycée von Talence and then the Lycée Michel Montaigne in Bordeaux . In Bordeaux he did a. a. the acquaintance of Félix Éboué .

In 1909 Maran accepted a post in the colonial administration for financial reasons and was able to debut as a writer in the same year. Léon Bocquet (1876–1954) published a story about him in his magazine “Le Beffroi”.

René Maran died on May 9, 1960 and found his final resting place on the Cimetière Montparnasse (11th Division).

reception

In 1921 Maran was the first black writer to receive the Prix ​​Goncourt . In the foreword to the award-winning novel Batouala , he sharply criticized colonialism and was forced to resign from his post in the colonial administration.

Maran's work describes the cruelty of colonialism (→ French colonies ). Léopold Sédar Senghor recognized Maran as a “précurseur de la négritude” (as a forerunner of Négritude ).

Works

Fiction

stories

• Peines de coeur . “Univers”, Paris 1944 (content: Peines de cœur , L'homme qui attend and Deux amis ).
• Le petit roi de Chimérie. Conte . Albin Michel, Paris 1924 (foreword by Léon Bocquet)

Poems

• La maison du bonheur . Paris: Le Beffroi, 1909.
• La vie intérieure. Poèmes (1909-1912) . Le Beffroi, Paris 1912.
• Les belles images. Poemes . Delmas, Paris 1935.
• Le livre du souvenir. Poèmes, 1909-1957 . Présence Africaine, Paris 1958.

Novels

• Batouala. Un véritable roman nègre . Michel, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-226-01676-8 (EA Paris 1921, illustrated by Alexandre Iacovleff (1887–1938))
  • German: Batouala - An authentic "roman nègre" . Manesse, Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7175-2130-3 (translated by Caroline Vollmann and an afterword by Jürgen von Stackelberg).
  • Batuala: the story of a negro The soul of Africa Vol. 1). Rhein-Verlag, Basel et al., Approx. 1946 (German by Claire Goll)
• Djouma, chien de brousse… . Albin Michel, Paris 1927.
  • German: Dschuma. A negro dog (The soul of Africa; Vol. 2). Rhein-Verlag, Basel 1928 (translated by Claire Goll).
• Journal sans date. Roman inédit . In: André Birebeau : Petit Péché (Les œuvres libres; Vol. 73). Fayard, Paris 1927, pp. 105-236.
• Le cœur serré Albin Michel, Paris 1931.
• L'homme qui attend. Roman inédit et complet . In: Pierre Mille : Un secret de famille (Les œuvres libres; Vol. 176). Fayard, Paris 1936, pp. 37-130.
• Un homme pareil aux autres . Michel, Paris 1962 (EA Paris 1947)
• Mbala, l'éléphant . Éditions Arc-en-Ciel, Paris 1947 (illustrated by Gaston Barret).
• Bacouya, le cynocéphale . Albin Michel, Paris 1953.

Non-fiction

Biographies

• Les pionniers de l'empire . Albin Michel, Paris 1943/55.

1. Jean de Béthencourt . Anselme d'Isalguier . Binot le Paulmier de Gonneville . Jacques Cartier . Jean Parmentier . Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon . Jean Ribault . 1943.
2. Samuel Champlain . Belain d'Esnambuc . Robert Cavelier de La Salle . 1946.
3. André Brue . Joseph François Dupleix . René Madec . Pigneaux de Behaine . 1955.

• Savorgnan de Brazza . Éditions du Dauphin, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-7163-1409-1 (EA Paris 1951).
• Félix Éboué. Grand commis et loyal serviteur, 1885-1944 . Harmattan, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-296-03919-3 (EA Paris 1957).
• Bertrand you Guesclin . L'épée du roi . Albin Michel, Paris 1960.

Essays

• Asepsia noire! . Éditions Place, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-858936-72-4 (EA Paris 1931).
• together with Pierre Deloncle : Le Tchad de sable et d'or (Toutes nos colonies; Vol. 4). Revue française, Paris 1931.
• Afrique Equatoriale Française . Terres et races d'avenir . L'Imprimerie de Vaugirard , Paris 1937 (illustrated by Paul Jouve ).
• Livingstone et l'exploration de l'Afrique (La découverte du monde; vol. 3). Gallimard, Paris 1938.
• Brazza et la fondation de l'AEF (La découverte du monde; Vol. 9). Gallimard, Paris 1941.
• Bêtes de la brousse . Albin Michel, Paris 1952.

literature

Essays

• Several essays on René Maran. In: Francofonía. Revista del Grupo “Estudios de Francofonía” , Vol. 14 (2005), ISSN  1132-3310
• Mercer Cook : René Maran . In: The French Review , Vol. 17 (1944), No. 3, pp. 157-159, ISSN  0016-111X
• Brent Hayes Edwards: On reciprocity. René Maran and Alain Locke . In: Ders .: The Practice of Diaspora. Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism . University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-674-01022-1 .
• Michel Fabre: Rene Maran. The New Negro and Negritude . In: Phylon. The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture , Vol. 36 (1975), No. 3, pp. 340-351, ISSN  0031-8906 .
• Michel Fabre: Autour de René Maran . In: Présence Africaine. Revue culturelle du monde noir , vol. 86 (1973), p. 171, ISSN  0032-7638 .
• Roger Little: René Maran on Lucie Cousturier. A Champion of Racial Understanding . In: Research in African Literatures , Vol. 34 (2003), Frühling, pp. 126-36, ISSN  0034-5210 .
• Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink: Batouala, véritable roman nègre. The place de René Maran in the littérature mondiale des années vingt . In: János Riesz , Alain Ricard (eds.): Semper aliquid novi. Litterature comparée et littérature d'Afrique . Narr, Tübingen 1990, pp. 145–155, ISBN 3-8233-4107-3 (Festschrift for Albert Gérard)
• Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Nwezeh: Castro Soromenho and René Maran. A comparative study . In: Lusorama. Zeitschrift für Lusitanistik , Vol. 9 (1989), May, pp. 109-127, ISSN  0931-9484
• Hélène Sanko: Les Mots pour le dire. L'Afrique d'après Batouala de René Maran . In: Francographies / NS Vol. 2 (1993), pp. 131-41, ISSN  1069-1200

Monographs

• Keith Cameron: René Maran ( Twayne's world authors series ; vol. 754). Twayne, Boston, Mass. 1985, ISBN 0-8057-6604-9 .
• John A. Dennis: The René Maran story. The life and times of a black frenchman, colonial administrator, novelist and social critic, 1887–1960 . UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1987 (also dissertation, University of Stanford 1987).
• Homage to René Maran . Présence Africaine, Paris 1965 ( Festschrift with texts by Manoël Cahisto, Mercer Cook, Jean Portail, François Raynal, Léopold-Sédar Senghor, Martial Sinda).
• Mercer Cook: Five French Negro authors . The Associated Publishers, Washington, DC 1943.
• Eugene A. Eaves: René Maran in Africa. Reflections of the French colonial experience . UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1978 (also dissertation, University of Connecticut 1978).
• Femi Ojo-Ade: René Maran, the Black Frenchman. A Bio-Critical Study . Three Continents Press, Washington, DC 1984, ISBN 0-914478-93-1 .
• Charles Onana: René Maran. Le premier Goncourt noir . Dubois, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-916872-01-8 .
• Alice J. Smith: René Maran's vision of Africa . UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1978 (also dissertation, University of Massachusetts 1978).
• René Trautmann: Au pays de Batouala. Noirs et blancs de l'Afrique . Payot, Paris 1922.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 1922 pioneered by Claire Goll translated under the title Batuala. A real Negro novel .
2. ↑ Maran, Rene: Bauala; the story of a negro . Ed .: Claire Goll. 1st edition. Rhein-Verlag, Basel et al. 1946.
3. ↑ Contents: Julien Raimond, Cyrille Charles Bissette, Alexandre Dumas the Elder , Auguste Lacaussade and René Maran.

Web links

• Literature by and about René Maran in the catalog of the German National Library
• "Black Paris" - about art from Africa and African art in the diaspora