Rigel
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Triple star Rigel (β Orionis) |
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| Top left: Rigel, right Aldebaran , small in the middle sun |
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| Orion constellation map | |||
| Observation data epoch : J2000.0 |
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| AladinLite | |||
| Constellation | Orion | ||
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Vis. Brightness (total) |
0.12 mag | ||
| Astrometry | |||
| Radial velocity | +25 km / s | ||
| distance | (770 ± 130) ly ((235 ± 40) pc ) |
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Absolute visual brightness (total) M vis |
approx. −6.7 mag | ||
| Proper movement | |||
| Rec. Share: | +1.87 ± 0.77 mas / a | ||
| Dec. portion: | −0.56 ± 0.49 mas / a | ||
| Individual data | |||
| Names | A (Rigel), B / C, D | ||
| Observation data: | |||
| Right ascension | A (Rigel) | 05 h 14 m 32.3 s | |
| B / C | 05 h 14 m 32.3 s | ||
| D. | 05 h 14 m 32.2 s | ||
| declination | A (Rigel) | −8 ° 12 ′ 05.9 ″ | |
| B / C | −8 ° 12 ′ 13 ″ | ||
| D. | −8 ° 11 ′ 20 ″ | ||
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Apparent brightness |
A (Rigel) | 0.18 m | |
| B / C | 6.6 / 6.6 m | ||
| D. | 15.3 m | ||
| Typing: | |||
| Spectral class | A (Rigel) | B8 Ia | |
| B / C | B9 V | ||
| D. | K7 V | ||
| BV color index | A (Rigel) | −0.03 | |
| B / C | |||
| D. | |||
| UB color index | A (Rigel) | −0.66 | |
| B / C | |||
| D. | |||
| Astrometry: | |||
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Absolute visual brightness M vis |
A (Rigel) | −6.7 mag | |
| B / C | −0.4 / −0.4 mag | ||
| D. | +8.5 mag | ||
| Physical Properties: | |||
| Dimensions | A (Rigel) | 17 M ☉ | |
| B / C | 4/4 M ☉ | ||
| D. | 0.38 M ☉ | ||
| radius | A (Rigel) | 62 R ☉ | |
| B / C | 4.1 / 4.1 R ☉ | ||
| D. | 0.55 R ☉ | ||
| Luminosity | A (Rigel) | 40600 L ☉ | |
| B / C | 128/128 L ☉ | ||
| D. | 0.0332 L ☉ | ||
| Effective temperature | A (Rigel) | 12300 K | |
| B / C | 10500/10500 K | ||
| D. | 4,060 K | ||
| Rotation time | A (Rigel) | 70 d | |
| B / C | 0.7 / 0.7 d | ||
| D. | 17 d | ||
| Designations and catalog entries | |||
| Bayer-Bez. | β Orionis | ||
| Flamsteed-Bez. | 19 Orionis | ||
| Bonn diam. | BD −8 ° 1063 | ||
| Bright Star Cat. | HR 1713 | ||
| HD catalog | HD 34085 | ||
| SAO catalog | SAO 131907 | ||
| Tycho catalog | TYC 5331-1752-1 | ||
| Hipparcos catalog | HIP 24436 | ||
| Other names |
FK5 194 | ||
Rigel is the brightest star in the constellation Orion and the seventh brightest in the night sky. Its name comes from the Arabic رجل الجوزاء اليسرى Ridschl Dschauza 'al-Yusri ' left foot of the middle one '. Although he brighter than α Orionis ( Beteigeuze , 0.42 likes), it is in the astronomy as β Orionis designated . This is because Betelgeuse (like almost all red supergiants ) is an irregular variable and can outperform Rigel every now and then. Rigel is part of the winter hexagon .
In the ancient Egyptian language Rigel was called " Seba-en-Sah ", which translated means "toe star" or "toe star". As the main star and namesake of the ancient Egyptian constellation Sah , it played an important role in ancient Egyptian mythology .
description
The distance to Rigels is between 650 and 900 light years ; the Hipparcos satellite measured it at 770 light years, but at such distances the error range of the Hipparcos measurements is around 20%.
Rigel is a multiple star system . The main component Rigel A is a giant star belonging to the spectral class B8. The star of luminosity class Ia is in the transition phase from blue giant to red supergiant. It shines with around 46,000 times the luminosity of the sun , making it the third most luminous star within a distance of 1000 light years from Earth after Betelgeuse (135,000 times) and Antares (90,000 times). The next even brighter star is the main star of the swan Deneb at a distance of about 1600 to 3200 light years .
Rigel A is in the transition to the red supergiant stage and shows a certain variability in its apparent brightness . This weak, irregular variability is typical of supergiants; its brightness fluctuates by around 30% (because of the logarithmic definition of the apparent brightness) over a mean period of 25 days. The smaller components Rigel B / C, which themselves form a bound binary star system, are bluish-white main sequence stars of the spectral class B9 and 128 times the luminosity of the sun. The only weakly glowing Rigel D probably belongs to a late subtype of the spectral class K. Since component D is almost outshone, it has not yet been possible to give exact values with regard to its physical properties.
The main star Rigel A and the binary system Rigel B / C orbit the common center of gravity at a distance of 2000 AU . The components Rigel B and C orbit each other at a distance of 28 AU. Rigel D is about 10,000 AU away from Rigel A. Which barycentre it orbits has not yet been clearly established.
Rigel is in an area rich in interstellar matter , and its luminosity makes several clouds of dust glow. One of them is the witch's head nebula called IC 2118.
observation
While the multiple system can be resolved into the components Rigel A and the binary star system B / C with a telescope with an objective aperture of 6 cm, a separation of the components of the binary star system Rigel B / C would require at least 90 cm aperture and up, which in reality but fails because of the unrest in the air. The angular distance between the 0.12 m bright Rigel A and the only 6.6 m bright Rigel B / C system is 9.5 "and the position angle is 204 °.
Surroundings
Rigel is also associated with the Orion Nebula M 42, which is in the same region of the sky but about twice as far away. However, if one retraces Rigel's spatial movement according to his assumed age, one comes close to the nebula. As a result, Rigel is sometimes viewed as a distant member of the Orion OB1 star association , a loose collection of stars of spectral types O and B that includes a number of other bright stars from Orion. More often, however, Rigel is considered a member of the Taurus Orion R1 star association, and the Orion OB1 star association is reserved for the stars that are spatially closer to it.
Rigel in fiction
In the Star Trek universe, the Rigel system is the most densely populated star system in known space.
Rigel 7 is featured in episode 16 of the 14th season and in the 9th episode of the 23rd season of The Simpsons .
Web links
- Astronomical data for Rigel (SIMBAD)
- Size comparison with other celestial bodies
- RIGEL (Beta Orionis)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e D. Hoffleit, WH Warren Jr .: The Bright Star Catalog . Fifth, revised edition, version 2, 1994
- ↑ a b M. AC Perryman et al .: The Hipparcos Catalog
- ^ W. Fricke, H. Schwan, T. Lederle: Fifth Fundamental Catalog (FK5), Part I. The Basic Fundamental Stars . Publ. Astronomisches Recheninstitut, No. 32, Heidelberg 1988. W. Fricke, H. Schwan, TE Corbin: Fifth Fundamental Catalog (FK5), Part II. The FK5 Extension . Published by Astronomisches Recheninstitut, No. 33, Heidelberg, 1991
- ^ CE Worley, GG Douglass: Washington Catalog of Visual Double Stars . Volume 1996.0. United States Naval Observatory, 1996