Bloodberry

Bloodberry
	Bloodberry ( Rivina humilis ) with fruits
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Pokeweed family (Phytolaccaceae)
Subfamily :	Rivinioideae
Genre :	Rivina
Type :	Bloodberry
Scientific name of the genus
	Rivina
	L.
Scientific name of the species
	Rivina humilis
	L.

The blood Berry ( Rivina humilis ), or coral berry called, is the only kind of plant genus Rivina within the family of Pokeweed (Phytolaccaceae). It is widespread in the Neotropics .

description

Bloodberry as an ornamental plant

Leaves and inflorescences

Vegetative characteristics

The bloodberry grows as a deciduous, perennial, herbaceous plant to subshrub and reaches heights of 0.4 to 2 meters. Depending on the location, the vegetative parts of the plant are more or less bald or intensely hairy. The independently upright or climbing, ribbed stem can lignify at its base.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 11 inches long. With a length of 2.5 to 15 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 9 centimeters, the lanceolate, elliptical or elongated to delta-shaped or egg-shaped leaf blade has a wedge-shaped, rounded, truncated or heart-shaped base.

Generative characteristics

The blood berry can bloom all year round. The terminal or lateral on a 1 to 5 centimeter long inflorescence stem is a racemose inflorescence that reaches lengths of 4 to 15 centimeters and contains five to fifty flowers. The flower stalk stretches from 2 millimeters during anthesis to 8 millimeters when the fruit is ripe .

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold with a simple flower envelope . The four with a length of 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters elliptical, oblong, obscure-lanceolate or obovate bracts change their color from green in the bud to white and pink in the course of the anthesis. The four stamens have a length of 1 to 2 millimeters. The single carpel ends in an often curved style with a cephalic scar .

Solitary, almost spherical berries with a diameter of 2.5 to 5 millimeters are formed, which turn red to orange or yellow when ripe. The 2 to 3 millimeters large, lenticular seeds are wrapped in thin, intensely downy, hairy skins.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 108.

distribution

The natural range of Rivina humilis extends from the central to southern USA over Mexico as well as Central to South America and it occurs on Caribbean islands. Locations are given for the US states of Oklahoma , New Mexico , Texas , Arizona , Arkansas , Louisiana , Mississippi and Florida ; Mexico , Belize , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela , French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Paraguay as well as Argentina and the Caribbean islands Bahamas, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba , Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola , Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico , St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago. As a neophyte it is pantropically widespread.

Systematics

Rivina humilis is the only species of plant of the genus Rivina in the subfamily Rivinioideae within the family Phytolaccaceae . The first publication of Rivina humilis was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 1, 121. The genus name Rivina honors Augustus Quirinus Rivinus . Synonyms for Rivina humilis L. are: Rivina laevis L. and Rivina portulaccoides Nuttall .

use

A red dye was obtained from the fruits of the blood berries.

In the subtropical climate it is planted as a salt-tolerant ground cover near the coast. It is suitable as an ornamental plant for partially shaded locations.

swell

Mark A. Nienaber & John W. Thieret: Phytolaccaceae in the Flora of North America , Volume 4, 2003, pp. 9-10: The genus and species (section description and systematics)
Thomas B. Croat: Flora of Barro Colorado Island , University Press, Stanford 1978, ISBN 0-8047-0950-5 .

Individual evidence

↑ A. Molina R .: Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa (Honduras) 1975 In: Ceiba. Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 1–118.
↑ ^a ^b Rivina humilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
^ J. Steyermark et al .: Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Project. 1995
^ V. Funk, T. Hollowell, P. Berry, C. Kelloff, SN Alexander: Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield. (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Dep. of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington 2007, In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Volume 55, pp. 1-584.
↑ Rivina humilis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 17, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Bloodberry ( Rivina humilis ) - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[1] A. Molina R .: Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Tegucigalpa (Honduras) 1975 In: Ceiba. Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 1–118.

[GRIN-2] Rivina humilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 17, 2017.

[3] J. Steyermark et al .: Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Project. 1995

[4] V. Funk, T. Hollowell, P. Berry, C. Kelloff, SN Alexander: Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield. (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Dep. of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington 2007, In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Volume 55, pp. 1-584.

[Tropicos-5] Rivina humilis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 17, 2017.