Shell construction (construction)
As a shell is referred to in the building industry in the construction process , a structure , whose outer contour including the roof construction is completed but in which no installation of the window , no cladding and no expansion of the interior has been executed. With a few exceptions , the intended use of a shell as a functional structure is therefore not possible. The completion of the shell construction work is usually celebrated after the roof structure has been erected with the topping-out ceremony in the presence of the client and those involved in the construction.
After completion of the structural work, it must be separately approved by the structural engineer as being free of defects . This is usually followed by the interior work on the building. If this does not take place (e.g. due to the client's insolvency ) and the structure remains permanently in its shell condition, it is referred to as a ruin .
Planning and manufacturing
As long as it is not purely engineering structures , the planning of the shell is part of the architect's overall building planning . Since the shell also represents the supporting structure of the building, the structural planner, as a specialist engineer for statics , is particularly involved in the planning and dimensioning of the components . For larger construction projects , the building owner is happy to hand over the construction of the shell to a general contractor ( GU for short ), who in turn coordinates the various trades .
The shell construction is also known as the main construction trade . In fact, depending on the building material and construction , several trades are usually involved in the production of the shell:
- Reinforced concrete construction
- Masonry construction
- steel construction
- Carpentry / timber construction
Work steps
At the beginning of the shell construction, a foundation is laid, which determines the stability of the property to be built. The type of foundation (e.g. strip foundation, point foundation or foundation slabs) depends on the load-bearing capacity of the soil and the maximum load-bearing capacity of the building. Then the outer and inner walls are raised. Depending on the requirements in terms of heat and sound insulation properties, materials such as brick walls, sand-lime brick , reinforced concrete or solid wood are used. After the subsequent construction of the desired stairs and floor slabs, the roof construction finally takes place.
literature
- Martin Mittag: Tendering aid shell . Vieweg + Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-528-02568-9 .
- Bernhard Metzger: Builders Handbook . Haufe Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-448-08267-8 , pp. 129 ff .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The foundation - the basis for the new building. Retrieved November 22, 2017 .