Rotbandspanner
| Rotbandspanner | ||||||||||||
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Rotbandspanner ( Rhodostrophia vibicaria ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Rhodostrophia vibicaria | ||||||||||||
| ( Clerck , 1759) |
The Rotbandspanner ( Rhodostrophia vibicaria ), also called Esparsetten-Rotbandspanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the Spanner family (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 27 to 33 mm. The second generation is significantly smaller, as are specimens in the northernmost part of the distribution area. In the forewings, the angle between the front edge and the outer edge is relatively small. The hind wings are slightly angled in the middle of the outer edge. The basic color is light brown to yellowish-brown, rarely also a little olive. There are three transverse lines, which are almost always very distinct, only the inner one is often less drawn. The field between the middle and the outer transverse line is often filled in red. The border area is also rarely a little reddish. Usually the fringes are colored intensely red. The drawing usually continues on the hind wings; however, the inner transverse line is missing. Discal spots can be present on the fore and hind wings, but they are usually absent on the hind wings.
The somewhat irregular egg, somewhat blunted at both ends, shows 16 longitudinal ribs on the outside, which intersect with weaker transverse ribs. It is light yellow at first and later turns light red.
The caterpillar is very long and slender: it becomes a little slimmer towards the head. It is yellowish gray to brownish gray, but rarely also greenish, reddish or ocher colored.
The pupa is yellow-brown in color. Two bristles standing apart sit on the cone-shaped cremaster .
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species occurs from western to central to eastern Europe and to Siberia. In the north it extends to southern Fennoscandia and the Baltic States, in the south to North Africa. However, it is absent in the British Isles. In the east it stretches across Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Northern Iran to the Central Asian Mountains. However, the occurrence is patchy, often island-like. In the northern part of the distribution area (about north of the Alps) the species occurs from 0 to about 700 m above sea level. In the Alps the species rises up to 1100 m, in the southern Alps up to 1500 m. In southern Europe it occurs up to an altitude of 2600 m. There it is usually missing below 1000 m. In North Africa and Iran it can be found from about 1600 m to 3000 m.
The species is xerothermophilic; i.e., she loves dry, warm locations. In Central Europe it inhabits dry, warm grasslands, rocky semi-arid grasslands on limestone soils, juniper heaths, clearings in oak-hornbeam forests and oak-rich pine forests on sandy soil. But the species can also be found in anthropogenic habitats, such as B. abandoned vineyards, abandoned semi-dry meadows, sunny slopes and embankments and quarries. On the coast also sheltered, sunny dune slopes, in the north also heathland and moors. In Asia Minor, Iran and Central Asia she lives in a pronounced xeromontaneous way e., prefers dry mountain areas.
Phenology and way of life
The species is usually univoltin in Central Europe ; d. i.e., only one generation is formed. The moths fly from early June to late July. An incomplete second generation is seldom formed. Their moths are found from late July to mid-September. A second generation is regularly formed in southern Europe, about south of the Alps. The moths rarely fly during the day. Most of the time they rest in the vegetation, but can easily be roused. The main activity is at dusk and they are attracted by artificial light sources. The moths suck nectar, but so far this has only been observed on adder heads ( Echium ).
The caterpillars are polyphagous and eat a large number of herbaceous plants , preferably legumes (Fabaceae). Be on larval food plants include: Heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), Genista pilosa ( Genista pilosa ), Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), bladder campion ( Lychnis vulgaris vel Silene vulgaris ), Salad Burnet ( Sanguisorba minor ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ) seed sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ), Dyer's broom ( Genista tinctoria ), dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ), Leucanthemum vulgare ( leucanthemum vulgare ), Common horseshoe Klee ( Hippocrepis comosa ), Onobrychis sativa , Kronwicken ( Coronilla ), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ), Sweet tragacanth ( Astragalus glycyphyllos ), sorrel ( Anthyllis ), roses ( Rosa ), dock ( Rumex ), bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), dry root ( Inula conyzae ), common chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) and field stone whorl ( Acinos arvensis ). The breeding also succeeded with common laburnum ( Laburnum anagyroides ), red vetch ( Coronilla varia ), knotweed ( Polygonum ), gorse ( Genista ) and Danish tragacanth ( Astragalus danicus ).
Usually the caterpillar overwinters, rarely also the pupa or the egg.
Systematics
The species was described scientifically for the first time in 1759 by Carl Alexander Clerck under the name Phalaena vibicaria . Due to the variability, the species was described under another six names, which are therefore more recent synonyms. Three subspecies are currently recognized: the nominotypical subspecies Rhodostrophia vibicaria vibicaria Clerck, 1759, Rhodostrophia vibicaria strigata (Staudinger, 1871) (Iberian Peninsula and North Africa from Morocco to Algeria) and Rhodostrophia vibicaria unicolorata (Staudinger, 1871) (Altai Mountains), Central Asia. The Rhodostrophia vibicaria minuta Heydemann, which was previously regarded as an independent subspecies , was found in 1933 on the East Frisian Islands with an olive green base color and a small wingspan, and was reunited with the nominotypical subspecies by Hausmann.
Danger
The species is endangered in some German federal states due to the intensification of management and afforestation. B. in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. In Saxony it is listed in category 3 (endangered). In Brandenburg and Rhineland-Palatinate, it is a kind of advance warning, i.e. that is, stocks are declining.
swell
Individual evidence
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 8-788-75737-4
