Crown peas

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Crown peas
Blue-green vetch (Coronilla valentina var. Glauca)

Blue-green vetch ( Coronilla valentina var. Glauca )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Loteae
Sub tribus : Coronillinae
Genre : Crown peas
Scientific name
Coronilla
L.

The Crown Vetch ( Coronilla ) form a genus of plants in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the leguminous plants (Fabaceae).

description

Illustration of the vaginal vetch ( Coronilla vaginalis )

Vegetative characteristics

Crown vetch species are shrubs or perennial , rarely annual , herbaceous plants . The sitting or short stalked leaves are pinnate unpaired. Rarely (in the Scorpion Vetch ( Coronilla scorpiodes )) only one leaflet is present. The leaflets have their entire margins rounded or marginalized, almost heart-shaped and often of a blue-green color. The stipules are free or fused.

Generative characteristics

The nodding, golden inflorescences stand on clear inflorescence shafts . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is wide-bellied, more or less two-lipped. Laterally the sepals are covered with short triangular teeth. The five petals are long nailed and yellow, rarely white. The corolla has the typical shape of the butterfly flowers . The shuttle is strongly curved. The top stamen is always free.

The sitting legumes are broken fruit with multiple seeds , they are straight or slightly curved and, after ripening, disintegrate into single-seeded limbs (limb pods).

ecology

The pollination type is a pumping mechanism. The club-shaped swollen stamens form a piston that presses the pollen out of the flower if the boat and wings are burdened by an insect.

Mountain vetch ( Coronilla coronata )
Lesser Crown Vetch ( Coronilla minima )
Vaginal vetch ( Coronilla vaginalis )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Coronilla was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Type species is Coronilla valentina L. Coronilla is the deminutive of Spanish corona for "the crown"; So the little crown means , after the beautiful yellow, like the prongs of a crown united into umbels, single flowers. Synonyms for Coronilla L. are: Artrolobium Desv. , Bonaveria Scop.

Per Lassen worked on the sub- tribus Coronillinae in 1989 , rearranging and delimiting the genera Coronilla , Hippocrepis and Securigera . For example, the red vetch ( Coronilla emerus L. ) was placed in the genus Hippocrepis as Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen and the red vetch ( Coronilla varia L. ) in the genus Securigera as Securigera varia (L.) Lassen .

The genus Coronilla is distributed over large parts of Europe , in western Asia and in northeastern Africa . The center of diversity is in southern Europe , which means that most species are native there.

After editing in 1989, nine species remain in the genus Coronilla , in detail:

  • Mountain vetch ( Coronilla coronata L. , Syn .: Coronilla montana Jacq. )
  • Rush-like crown vetch ( Coronilla juncea L. ): It occurs in southern Europe and in North Africa.
  • Small crown vetch ( Coronilla minima L. , Syn .: Coronilla fruticans Jord. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa and in Switzerland. With the subspecies:
    • Coronilla minima subsp. lotoides (WDJKoch) Nyman (Syn .: Coronilla lotoides W.DJKoch , Coronilla minima var. australis Gren. & Godr. )
    • Coronilla minima subsp. minimum
  • Coronilla ramosissima ball : it occurs in Morocco.
  • Coronilla repanda (Poir.) Cast. (Syn .: Ornithopus repandus Poir. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa, on Cyprus and in the Middle East.
  • Scorpion vetch , also scorpion herb ( Coronilla scorpioides (L.) WDJKoch , Syn .: Ornithopus scorpioides L. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa, in West Asia, also in North America.
  • Vaginal vetch ( Coronilla vaginalis Lam. , Syn .: Artrolobium vaginalis (Lam.) Desv. ): It occurs in Central and Southern Europe.
  • Valencia crown vetch or Valance shrub vetch ( Coronilla valentina L. ): It occurs in southern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa and is a neophyte in Kenya, Great Britain and the USA. With the subspecies:
    • Blue-green Kronwicke ( Coronilla Valentina subsp. Glauca (L.) Batt. , Syn .: Coronilla argentea L. , Coronilla glauca L. )
    • Coronilla valentina subsp. pentaphylla (Desf.) Batt. (Syn .: Coronilla pentaphylla Desf. )
    • Coronilla valentina subsp. valentina
  • Coronilla viminalis Salisb. : It occurs in Morocco.

literature

  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  • VH Heywood , PW Ball: Leguminosae : Coronilla , pp. 182-184. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X . limited preview in Google Book search

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
  2. ^ Coronilla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 22, 2015.
  3. ^ A b Per Lassen: A new delimitation of the genera Coronilla, Hippocrepis and Securigera (Fabaceae). In: Willdenowia. Volume 19, No. 1, 1989, pp. 49-62, JSTOR 3996918 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.

Web links

Commons : Kronwicken ( Coronilla )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files