Drought root

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Drought root
Inflorescence with flower heads of the drywort (Inula conyzae)

Inflorescence with flower heads of the drywort ( Inula conyzae )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Inuleae
Genre : Pentanema
Type : Drought root
Scientific name
Pentanema conyzae
( Griess. ) D.Gut. Lousy. et al.

The drought root ( Pentanema conyzae ), also called drought root elephant , is a species of plant from the genus Pentanema within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration from Koehler's Medicinal Plants , 1887
Detail of an inflorescence with flower heads
Infructescence with achenes with pappus
Habitus

The Dürrwurz differs from other species of this genus by the lack of ray florets and the back-curved bracts of the flower head.

Vegetative characteristics

The dry root is a perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 40 to 80, rarely up to 120 centimeters. It grows upright and is usually only branched in the area of ​​the inflorescence . The above-ground parts of the plant are thin and soft, tomentose, but not or only slightly glandular.

The leaves are egg-shaped to lanceolate, becoming smaller and smaller towards the top of the stem . The lower and middle leaves are stalked, and finally, in the upper ones, the leaf blade is narrowed into the leaf base and extends to the stem.

It blooms from July to October.

Generative characteristics

In a doldig outstretched rispigen total inflorescence that are basket-shaped part inflorescences together. The flower heads have a diameter of 5 to 10 millimeters and are about twice as high. The bracts , especially the outer ones, are curved back and protrude from the flower head. The outer bracts are green, the inner ones are often reddish. Ray florets are absent or shorter than the bracts . The tubular flowers are light brownish to yellow.

There are achenes formed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Occurrence

The dry root occurs in Central and Southern Europe . Their distribution area extends in the north to Denmark , in the south to the Caucasus . In Germany it is almost completely absent in the north, in the low mountain ranges it is widespread, but only occurs very scattered. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part near the Bernhardseck near Elbigenalp to an altitude of 1,800 meters.

Dürrwurz grows on dry forest edges and clearcuts or on dry slopes . It is in Central Europe , a characteristic species of the order Origanetalia, but also comes in companies of the orders Prunetalia, Quercetalia pubescentis or the association Erico-Pinion before.

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1836 under the name ( Basionym ) Aster conyzae by Ludwig Griesselich . It was also in 1836 by Augustine Pyramus de Candolle to the genus Inula under the name Inula conyzae (Griess.) DC. posed. According to Gutiérrez-Larruscain et al. In 2018, some species from the genus Inula were added to the genus Pentanema . A new combination was made to Pentanema conyzae (Griess.) D.Gut. Lousy. et al. in David Gutiérrez-Larruscain, Maria Santos-Vicente, Arne A. Anderberg Enrique Rico, M. Martínez-Ortega: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. In: Taxon , Volume 67, Issue 1, March 2018 on page 159. Other synonyms for Pentanema conyzae (Griess.) D.Gut. Lousy. et al. are: Conyza squarrosa L. non Aster squarrosus All. , Conyza vulgaris Lam. nom. illeg., Inula squarrosa (L.) Bernh. non L. , Inula vulgaris Trevis. nom. illegal. and Jacobaea conzyae (Griess.) Merino .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Volume 2: Vascular Plants, 14th Edition. People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-060-12539-2 .
  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen, Werner Rauh: Flora of Germany and its adjacent areas. 84th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1968.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 922.
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 587.
  3. ↑ David Gutiérrez-Larruscain, Maria Santos-Vicente, Arne A. Anderberg Enrique Rico, M. Martínez-Ortega: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. In: Taxon , Volume 67, Issue 1, March 2018, pp. 149–164. doi : 10.12705 / 671.10
  4. ↑ Pentanema conyzae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  5. ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Inula conyzae , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Dürrwurz ( Pentanema conyzae )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files