Red horse chestnut
| Red horse chestnut | ||||||||||||
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Red horse chestnut ( Aesculus pavia ) |
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| Aesculus pavia | ||||||||||||
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The real pavie or red horse chestnut ( Aesculus pavia ) is a native to North America representative of the horse chestnut ( Aesculus ).
features
The real pavie is a shrub or tree from 1 to 4, rarely up to 12 m in height. The trunk diameter is 20, rarely up to 50 cm. The bark is brown-gray to light gray and smooth. The branches are reddish brown. The buds are clipped, broadly egg-shaped, one centimeter long and have rounded-pointed scales.
The leaves consist of 5 or 7 leaflets arranged in the shape of a hand. The petiole is 3 to 17 cm long, glabrous or hairy. The leaflets are 6 to 17 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, elongated, egg-shaped, narrowly elliptical, lanceolate or off-lanceolate. They are membranous to slightly leathery, the nerves are sunk deeply on the upper side. The end of the leaf is pointed to suddenly pointed, the base of the leaf is pointed or pointed. The leaf margin is irregularly serrated or notched-serrated, with entire margins on the leaf base. The top is bald with scattered hairs on the main nerves, the underside is bald to densely hairy, dull to bright dark green with reddish central and side ribs. The leaflet stalks are 1 to 19 mm long.
The inflorescence is elongated and 10 to 25 cm long. The flowers are red, often yellowish-red, in the westernmost populations in central Texas also pure yellow. The nails of the petals are yellow and turn reddish brown when they bloom. The flower stalk is 5 to 12 mm long, usually very slender, with short hairs and glandless. The calyx is 8 to 18 mm long, tubular-bell-shaped or tubular, shaggy hairy with scattered stalked glands. The five calyx lobes are round, glandular-hairy and unequal in size. The crown is glandular and hairy, the edge glandular. The upper petals are 25 to 40 mm long, the nail 19 to 23 mm and shaggy, the nail small, oblong-ovoid to almost circular. The lateral petals are 20 to 31 mm long, the nail 10 to 17 mm, about the same length as the calyx, and shaggy; the plate is oblong-egg-shaped. The 6 to 8 stamens are 23 to 36 mm long, the stamens are hairy on the lower half. The anthers are smooth with a few hairs at the base and tip, very sparsely glandular at the tip and base of the loculi . The stamps are ragged except the scar , the stylus is the same length as the stamens or protrudes from 2 to 4 mm beyond the upper petals.
The capsule fruit is approximately spherical to ovoid and has a diameter of 3.5 to 6 cm. The pericarp is smooth, slightly pitted and light brown. The 1 to 3, rarely 4 to 6 seeds have a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, are dark maroon to light yellow-brown and have a light navel .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.
Distribution and locations
The real pavie is found mainly on the coastal plains of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico from North Carolina south to Florida , west to the Balcones Escarpment in south-central Texas ( Uvalde and Edwards Counties ). In the north the area extends to Arkansas , west Tennessee , in the alluvial land of the Mississippi to southeast Missouri and southern Illinois .
It grows in pine forests, mixed pine-deciduous forests, oak-hickory forests and in clearings. Most often it grows along river banks, on river banks on water-permeable soil, but also grows well on flat, poorly water-permeable alluvial surfaces of rivers and streams, also on the edge of swamps and marshes. It is common locally and is one of the dominant understory shrubs in the area.
cultivation
The species has been in culture since 1771.
Systematics
The real Pavie is placed in the Pavia section within the genus Aesculus . It is a very variable species and has been divided into several types in the past. Due to the lack of discontinuities in the variability, these species were rejected again. Part of the variability is due to the introgression of the other species in the section, for example the yellow crown color to the introgression of Aesculus sylvatica and Aesculus glabra .
The real pavie is a parent species of the hybrid flesh-red horse chestnut ( Aesculus × carnea ), which is often planted as an ornamental wood in Central Europe .
literature
- James W. Hardin: A Revision of the American Hippocastanaceae II . Brittonia, Volume 9, 1957, pp. 173-195.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 648.
Web links
- Area map (United States Geological Survey; PDF file; 687 kB)